Definitions of Time

1
Definitions of Time

• Newton I do not define time, space, place and
  motion, as being well known to all
• Time (MerriamWebster dictionary) A period
  during which an action, process, or condition
  exists or continues.
• Period (MerriamWebster dictionary) An extent
  of time.

2
Definitions of Distance

• Newton I do not define time, space, place and
  motion, as being well known to all.
• Length (MW) a measured distance or dimension
• Distance (MW) a measure of separation in space
• Measure (MW) the dimensions . . . of something
  ascertained by measuring
• Dimension (MW) measurement of extension (as in
  length)

3
Gods Coordinate System

• Absolute, true, and mathematical time . . .
  flows equably without regard to anything
  external relative, apparent, and common time is
  some sensible and external measure of (time) by
  the means of motion, which is commonly used
  instead of true time such as an hour, day
• Absolute space . . without regard to anything
  external, remains always similar and immovable.
  Relative space is some movable dimension or
  measure of the absolute spaces . . . Absolute
  and relative space, are the same in figure and
  magnitude

4
Evolution of the meter

• 1 meter 1 tenmillionth of the distance from
  the equator to the North Pole
• Distance between scratches on a bar kept in
  Serves, France
• 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of orange light from
  86Kr.
• One inch 2.54 cm exactly

5
Evolution of the second

• One second 1/86,400 of a day
• Amount of time it takes a pendulum one meter long
  to swing from one side to the other
• 9, 192, 631, 770 transitions between the
  hyperfine levels in 133Cs. (1967)
• Means one 133Cs vibration is 109 ps (picoseconds)

6
Derived Quantities

• Speed distance time
• Acceleration speed time
• Force mass acceleration (Newtons)
• Energy Force distance

7
Speed of light is special

• c 3 108 m/s 186,000 miles/sec (measurement)
• Define c 299, 792, 458 m/s exactly
• One meter is distance light travels in
  1/299,792,458 seconds ( 3 ? ns ) (
  30.66 133Cs vibrations).

8
Modern Definitions of Standards

• 1 second 9, 192, 631, 770 transitions in 133Cs
• Speed of light 299, 792, 458 m/s 3 108 m/s.
• 1 kilgoram is the mass of a standard bar in
  France
• 1 meter distance light moves in 3? ns.
  (derived)