Title: Exploring the Poultry Industry
1Exploring the Poultry Industry
2Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!
- HS-LS2-1. Use mathematical and/or computational
representations to support explanations of
factors that affect carrying capacity of
ecosystems at different scales. Clarification
Statement Emphasis is on quantitative analysis
and comparison of the relationships among
interdependent factors including boundaries,
resources, climate and competition. Examples of
mathematical comparisons could include graphs,
charts, histograms, and population changes
gathered from simulations or historical data
sets. Assessment Boundary Assessment does not
include deriving mathematical equations to make
comparisons. HS-LS2-2. Use mathematical
representations to support and revise
explanations based on evidence about factors
affecting biodiversity and populations in
ecosystems of different scales. Clarification
Statement Examples of mathematical
representations include finding the average,
determining trends, and using graphical
comparisons of multiple sets of data.
Assessment Boundary - Assessment is limited to provided data.
3Work
- Describe the various types components of the
poultry industry. - Identify the difference between the broiler and
egg laying industry and the breeds used. - Explain production systems and marketing of
poultry. - List and describe breeds of poultry.
4Terms
- Bantams
- Broilers
- Chick
- Cockerels
- Drake
- Duckling
- Free Range
- Gander
- Goose
- Gosling
- Hens
- Layers
- Poult
- Poultry
- Pullet Producers
- Pullets
- Roosters
- Tom
5Interest Approach
- Display eggs on a safe surface to show the
different colors, grades, and weight classes.
Start a discussion asking students to think of
reasons that the eggs may be different.
6What is poultry?
- Poultry
- group name for all domesticated birds used for
meat, eggs, and feathers - referred to as fowl
7What is the difference between poultry and other
animals?
- Digestive System
- has a gizzard instead of teeth
- Reproductive System
- egg laying after mating for fertile eggs
- Egg laying of infertile eggs on a regular basis
- artificial insemination is needed because some
birds are unable to mate naturally because of
their mass of flesh - one body opening for removal of liquid and solid
waste
- Externally poultry have feathers rather than
hair or fur. - Ability to fly
- Two legs rather than four
- Lay eggs rather than give live birth
- Extremely rapid growth rate
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9The poultry industry can really be divided into
two separate divisions- meat production egg
production.
- Broiler Meat production
- Extremely rapid growing, heavy muscle birds are
utilized for meat production. This is basically
the opposite of the egg producing birds. - The emphasis here is not on egg production but
growth rate and meat production.
- Layer Egg Production
- Smaller, lighter muscled breeds of birds are
utilized in egg production. - Energy is devoted to producing eggs rather than
muscle. Egg production is located in different
areas in our country than meat production. Hens
are usually kept for one production cycle and
then replaced with new young birds.
10External Parts of Poultry
11External Parts of Poultry
12External Parts of Poultry
13Identify poultry terminology.
14What are terms associated with poultry?
- Chickens
- Layers
- chickens that are used to produce large
quantities of eggs - generally the White Leghorn breed is used for
laying hens - The top egg producing states are in order
- Iowa
- Ohio
- Indiana
- Pennsylvania
- California
- Texas
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- Georgia
- The top five states produce 50 of the eggs in
the US!
15Poultry Terms Cont.
- Layers cont.
- Monthly US production nearly 7 billion eggs
- Average number of laying hens in the US is 292
million - Annual egg production is valued at 7 billion
16Poultry Terms Cont.
- Broilers- young meat producing birds that reach
an average market weight of 4lbs. At 6-7 weeks of
age. - Million pounds consumed ready-to-cook basis
1950 - 1,381 - Million pounds consumed ready-to-cook basis
2013 - 38,387 - Average annual US production is nearly 37
billion lbs. valued a 21.5 billion dollars.
17What are terms associated with poultry?
- Chickens
- Roosters
- mature males
- Pullets
- young female chickens
- Hens
- mature females
- Bantams
- miniature chickens
- Turkeys
- Hens
- mature females
- Tom
- adult male
- gobbler
- Poult
- young turkey of either sex
18What are terms associated with poultry?
- Ducks
- have down that grows under feathers
- Hens
- mature female
- Drake
- mature male
- Duckling
- young duck of both sexes
- Geese
- Goose
- female at maturity
- Gander
- male at maturity
- Goslings
- young geese
19Explain production systems and marketing of
poultry.
20What are ways to market and produce poultry?
- Consumption of red meat has declined recently,
the consumption of poultry meat has increased. - Chickens are the main form of consumed poultry.
- Turkeys sell better near holidays.
- Eggs consumption is fairly constant with a peak
around fall holidays.
21Areas of Chicken Production
- Broiler Production
- producing as much meat as quickly as possible for
maximum profit - large facilities for 6 to 7 weeks before
marketing - nutrition environment major consideration
- 99 are grown under contract between farmer
processor - other outlets include live broilers at auctions,
to dealers, or processing plants
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23Egg Production
- Produce high quality eggs for consumption.
- Provide ideal environment for the hens.
- Proper housing and nutrition is needed.
- Keep all eggs clean and prevent from breaking is
another factor. - Marketing eggs is under contract similar to
broilers. - Other options for eggs include local buyers or
through cooperatives. - Hundreds of thousands of eggs are used daily in
commercial food preparation.
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25Pullet Producers
- Production systems that raise hens for laying
purposes. - Raise day-old female chicks into replacement
hens. - Raise until they are 20 weeks old.
- Delivered to laying farm to begin egg production
at 24 weeks of age. - Marketing is done between pullet producer and the
egg producer.
26Free Range Egg Production!
27Free Range Production
- Free range production is actually turning back
the clock to traditional production methods prior
to the advent of the commercial methods
utilized in the poultry industry today. - Small scale/small investment, backyard production
has helped spur interest in free range production
techniques. - Animal rights groups are also advocating for a
return to the free range production methods.
28Free Range Broiler Production
29Production Comparison
- Free Range
- Smaller investment
- Claims of higher quality
- Often suited for niche
- markets
- Labor intensive
- May require addition feed
- Lower production levels for eggs/slower growing
broilers
- Standard Commercial
- Large initial investment
- Less labor required
- High production levels of eggs and broilers
- Lower feed consumption
- Lower death loss
30List and describe kinds and breeds of poultry.
31Chickens
Andalusian
- 4 classes of chickens
- Mediterranean
- American
- English
- Asiatic
- Identification Characteristics
- color of eggs, skin, eyes, earlobes, and plumage
Australorp
32Brahma
Barred Plymouth Rock
Single-Comb White Leghorn
Cornish Game
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34Turkey Breeds
- Broad-Breasted Large White
- most popular breed
- developed from crosses
- males have black beards
- all have white feet, beaks, shanks
- all commercial turkeys are bred using AI because
their breast is so large that it makes natural
service impossible
35Ducks
- Breeds used for meat
- Call -Aylesbury
- Swedish -Muscovy
- Rouen -Cayuga
- White Pekin
- Breeds used for eggs
- Khaki Campbells
- Indian Runners
- White Pekin
- most commonly used
- originated in China
- Weigh 8 pounds
- white feathered with yellowish skin
- nervous birds
- white0tinted eggs
36Khaki Campbell
Pekin
37Geese
Embden
- Used for meat, eggs, feathers, down and weeding
crops - Most common breeds
- Toulouse
- Embden
- Chinese
- Pilgrim
- African
38Review
- What is poultry?
- What are terms associated with poultry?
- What are ways to market and produce poultry?
- What are different kinds and breeds of poultry?
39The End!