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Global Patterns of Disease

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Global Patterns of Disease IB Geography II Diabetes Deaths Alcohol Abuse The harmful use of alcohol results in 2.5 million deaths each year. 320,000 young ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Global Patterns of Disease


1
Global Patterns of Disease
  • IB Geography II

2
Annual Incidence Report Analysis
  • Study table and come up with the top 3 diseases
    of poverty and top 3 diseases of affluence.

3
In elbow partners, discuss the following
question
  • To what extent do you believe disease is a
    consequence or a cause of poverty?

4
In elbow partners, discuss the following question
  • How can we define poverty on the global scale and
    apply a common term when geographical diversity
    is so great? (Example- to be poor in an LEDC is
    so different from being poor in an MEDC)

5
In elbow partners, discuss the following question
  • Is poverty always an undesirable state? Why?
    Why not?

6
In elbow partners, discuss the following question
  • How can we understand extreme poverty (like that
    of LEDCs) if we have no personal experience of
    it?

7
Objective
  • By the end of this lesson, students will be able
    to
  • explain the global distribution of diseases of
    poverty.
  • explain the global distribution of diseases of
    affluence.
  • These objectives are also very possible exam
    questions! ?

8
Starting Activity
  • Look at the 2 maps. Without knowing what they
    show, do you think there is there is a
    relationship between them? Why/Why not?

9
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10
Map1 Malnourishment
Map 2 Childhood Diarrheal Disease
11
Do you think there is a link between these 2
indicators? What is it?
  • Discuss in Elbow Partners

12
Key Terms
The number of cases per 10,000 population
Incidence The number of confirmed cases annually
Communicable Diseases Infectious diseases
Non-Communicable Non-infectious, degenerative
Vectors Transmitters of disease, ex insects
  • Prevalence

13
Dont Forget About Epidemiological Transition
14
Global Distribution of Diseases
  • The chance of an individual succumbing to disease
    is affected by a range of factors (Many, which
    are affected by social inequality), including
  • where they live
  • their age
  • their social circumstances
  • their lifestyle
  • environmental factors.

15
Infectious or Communicable Diseases (Diseases of
Poverty)
  • These diseases maybe be contagious and
    transmitted through close human contact or by
    vectors.
  • They spread rapidly in the overcrowded and
    unsanitary conditions associated with poverty.
  • Common examples malaria, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal
    disease

16
Diarrheal Disease What is it?
  • Diarrhea that last several days, and can leave
    the body without the water and salts that are
    necessary for survival. Most people who die from
    diarrhea actually die from severe dehydration and
    fluid loss.

17
Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year
(DALY) rates from Diarrheal diseases by country
(per 100,000 inhabitants) - 2004.
18
Facts on Diarrheal Disease from the World Health
Organization
  • Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of
    death in children under five years old.
  • It is both preventable and treatable.
  • Can be prevented through safe drinking-water and
    adequate sanitation and hygiene.

19
Diarrhea Deaths
20
What is HIV/AIDS?
  • HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
  • It is a disease which reduces the ability of the
    body to fight off other diseases. It reduces the
    efficiency of the bodys immune system.

21
HIV/AIDS Deaths
22
Malaria What is it?
  • Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves high
    fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, and
    anemia.

23
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24
Malaria Deaths
25
Part 2 Diseases of Affluence
26
Non-Communicable Diseases (Diseases of Affluence)
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Impacts of Tobacco use

27
Obesity
  • What is Obesity?
  • Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index that is
    commonly used to classify overweight and obesity
    in adults. It is defined as a person's weight
    divided by height.
  • Obesity is defined as a value over 30
  • A person is overweight if their BMI is over 25

28
Obesity
  • Obesity is generally considered to be a disease
    of the wealthy, although ironically in the
    richest countries it is often young people living
    in the less well-off families who are more likely
    to be overweight
  • This is often related to diet, and the lack of
    exercise which some people attribute to the
    growth in sedentary lifestyles
  • It is also cheaper to feed a child with unhealthy
    food than it is with healthy food.

29
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30
Obesity

  • Key facts
  • Worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since
    1980.
  • In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and
    older were overweight.
  • 65 of the worlds population live in countries
    where there are more overweight people than
    underweight people.
  • Obesity is preventable.

31
OECD- Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
32
Diabetes
  • Diabetes affects the bodys metabolism, and
    involves a problem with a hormone called insulin.
  • It is a disease which can be partly managed by
    being careful with blood sugar monitoring and
    medication.
  • The risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be
    dramatically reduced by keeping body weight below
    that of obesity, and avoiding particular types of
    food.
  • 200 million people worldwide suffer from it.

33
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34
Diabetes Deaths
35
Alcohol Abuse
  • The harmful use of alcohol results in 2.5 million
    deaths each year.
  • 320,000 young people between the age of 15 and 29
    die from alcohol-related causes per year,
    resulting in 9 of all deaths in that age group.
  • Alcohol is associated with many serious social
    and developmental issues, including violence,
    child neglect and abuse, and absenteeism in the
    workplace.

36
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37
Tobacco Use
  • As with the earlier example of obesity, we need
    to be careful to avoid saying that this is more
    likely to be associated with high income.
  • Cigarette advertising is now closely controlled
    in many countries, and there are age restrictions
    on the purchasing of cigarettes.

38
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39
Smoking
  • In 2009, smoking among men was highest in the
    Western Pacific Region, with 51 of men aged 15
    and above smoking some form of tobacco.
  • Smoking among women was highest in the European
    Region at 22.
  • In all WHO regions except Europe, girls aged
    1315 years old are using tobacco at higher rates
    than women aged 15 and older.
  • This could be a reflection of aggressive tobacco
    industry marketing to girls, particularly in
    lower- and middle-income countries.
  • The high rates among girls is very concerning as
    these data suggest potential substantial
    increases for women in the near future.
  • The rates at which adolescent boys use tobacco
    average around 18 globally.

40
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41
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