The Maharaja of Pannah

1
The British in India
Imperialism Conquest and rule of a foreign land
to benefit home country
2
The World in 1600
Why would Britain emerge as the great Imperial
power, more than the Spanish, French, Holland,
Portugal, Germans?
3
The British East India Company 1600 - 1857
This company could claim there was no Independent
India, just doing business. But Indian
nationalism will not go away. Popes decrees
to keep India under Catholic Spain and Portugal
ignored after 1588.
4
British East India Company Agents
Elizabeth I granted license to new company in
1600. Monopoly, no other Brit competition.
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5
Coins of the British East India Co.
1719 coin 1804 coin
At first BEIC tried to get concessions from Great
Moghul Jahangir but he sees no reason, his every
wish is law.. So Britain has quiet trade.
Involuntary transformation 1757-1818, no plan.
6
Coffee House in British India
Moghuls decadent, elaborate luxury, absolute
power but could not keep peace over large area
land. Intrigue, disputes, open warfare.
7
Sepoy soldiers
Marathas were best hope for India wide government
but filled with bandits, plunderers, not popular.
Extremes of wealth and power.
Why would joining the Sepoys be an attractive
profession for an Indian?
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8
Sir Robert Clive

• Highlights of this key player in the history of
  the Raj
• Competition with French and Joseph Dupleix over
  the Carnatic coast (near Madras)
• French and English were at war in Europe, one
  must leave India!
• Seige of Arcot 1751
• Marathas join in
• Calcutta another bigger crisis! New Nawab tries
  to expel growing BEIC.

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9
Black Hole of Calcutta 1756
Airless dungeon 146 English men and women
imprisoned one night Only 20 came out alive The
rest died of suffocation, thirst and
shock. England enraged at Siraj who was portrayed
as the torturer
10
Battle of Plassey 1757
Robert Clive had cleverly signed alliances with
rivals of Siraj At Plassey, a small village near
Calcutta 3000 British faced 55,000 of Sirajs
army Siraj advised to flee and did, bulk of army
followed His rival Mir Jaffir kills
Suraj. Jaffir crowned as Nawab of Bengal, got
much Clive and other BEIC employees got very
rich
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11
Why wasBritainso successfulin Indiaby the
endof the 18c??

1. English goods allowed to travel duty-free
   throughout Bengal while Indian merchants were
   taxed and restricted.
2. Brits collect enormous bribes by dispensing
   political favors
3. Viewed as plunder in England, national disgrace
4. Clive takes over Bengal, does many good things.
   Read Jensen!

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12
Sir Warren Hastings

• Knew India well
• Personal integrity
• But asked to do two contradictory tasks
• a)Provide good government to Bengal
• b) Yet also enrich company and Brit
  Government!
• What were the two crisis that Hasting faced?
• American Revolution
• Bombay and Madras uprisings
• Acquitted but public trial showed rule of law

r. 1772 - 1785
13
India in mid-18c
14
Lord Cornwallis

• Aristocrat
• Surrendered to Washington
• Integrity and competence
• Civil service was to fight corruption steel
  frame
• Three branches of govt
• Revenue collecting
• Commercial
• Judicial
• Supreme court could rule over governor himself!
• Independent role!
• Soft on Tipu Sultan ruler of Mysore

r. 1786 - 1793
15
Richard Wellesley 1798 1805

• Defeated and killed Tipu Sultan of Mysore
• Age of expansion begins
• Subsidiary alliances
• Sacred Trust of British rule

16
Lord Bentinck
India and Bengal from 1828 1835 Reputation
for ruthless financial efficiency disregard for
Indian culture led to story that he had once
planned to demolish the Taj Mahal and sell off
the marble! He tried to reform the Hindu society
by abolition of the cruel rite of Sati and the
suppression of the infanticide.
He was Governor General of
r. 1828 - 1835
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17
British Soldiers in India,
1830s
18
Outlawing Suttee (sati)
19
Fighting the Thuggees
20
British Opium Warehouse in
Patna, India
Selling Patna Opium in China
21
Lord Dalhousie 1847-1856
BAD GUY the destroyer of the East India
Company's financial and military position through
reckless policies. He laid the foundations of
the Indian Rebellion of 1857 Made Raj into a
money-losing colonial administration.
GOOD GUY far-sighted! Consolidated East India
Co., laid the foundations of its later
administration sound policy enabled his
successors to stem the tide of rebellion.
r. 1848 - 1856
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22
India 18c-early 19c
23
Sir Raghubir Singh, Maharaja of Bundi
24
The Maharaja of Pannah
25
The Palace of the Nawab of Moorshedabad, Bengal -
1858
26
The Sepoy Mutiny 1857
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27
Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny,
1857
28
The Seige of Lucknow
29
Execution of SepoysThe Devils Wind
2-B
30
The Raj "Jewel in the Crown" of the British
Empire
31
1876 Queen Victoria Becomes
Empress of India
2-D
32
Queen Victoria in India
PAX BRITANNICA
33
Queen Victoria Receiving the Crown of India
34
Sikhs Bengal Cavalry of the British Army
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35
15th Ludhiana Sikhs, 1889
36
Assorted British Soldiers, 1890s
37
British Colonial Life During the Raj
38
Bengal Medical Service, 1860
39
A LifeofLeisure!
40
Br. Viceroys Daughter Simla, 1863
41
Lady Curzon, 1904
42
Living Like a Maharajah
43
Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s
44
Simla Little England in the mountains of
India
45
Karachi, 1896
46
Procession of the Rajahs,New Delhi, 1902
47
Victoria Station, Bombay
48
Chartered Bank of Calcutta,
1915
49
Theosophical Library Madras, 1913
50
What were the BENEFITS of British rule in India??
2-F
51
What were the majorLIMITATIONS of British rule
in India??
2-G
52
The Rise of Indian Nationalism
53
The Indian National Congress

• 1885 ? The Indian National Congress
  was founded in Bombay.
• swaraj ? independence. the goal of the
  movement.

54
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1856 - 1920
55
Jawaharlal nehru
1889 - 1964
56
the Muslim League

• 1905 ? partition of Bengal based on
  religions and languages.
• 1906 ? creation of the Muslim
  League.

57
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
1876 - 1948
58
Young Mohandas K. Gandhi,
1876
1869 - 1948
59
Gandhi with the londonvegetarian society, 1890
60
Gandhi as a Young Barrister in Natal
61
Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa
62
Gandhi and His Wife, Kasturba, 1915
63
Amritsar Massacre, 1919
379 dead over 1200 wounded!
64
Salt March, 1930
MakingSalt
65
Gandhi spinning cloth
Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of
British machine-made textiles!
66
Gandhi and His Grandaughters, 1947
67
The End of the Raj August 15, 1947
68
Last Viceroy of India
Lord Louis Lady Edwina Montbatten
69
Partition!