Writing into the Day

1
Writing into the Day

• Guernica
• What is the mood of the painting?
• What symbols can you make out in the painting?
• What do these symbols mean?
• What is the Purpose of this painting?
• What is the value of this painting as a
  historical primary source?
• What are the limitations of a painting in terms
  of its value as a historical primary source?

2
Starnes 29 Quiz

1. This was an artistic movement of the 1920s, most
   notably characterized by the work of Pablo
   Picaso.
2. This intergovernmental organization is made up of
   Canada, South Africa, Australia, and other former
   members of the British Empire (Mozambique and
   Rwanda excepted).
3. This was an ultra nationalist right wing movement
   developed under Mussolini.
4. He was a Mexican Revolutionary and President of
   Mexico from 1911 to 1913.
5. This group led the October Revolution(Which
   happened in November on western Calendars) in
   Russia, establishing communist rule.
6. He was a survivor of the Long March who founded a
   new type of communism in China.
7. He was the Nationalist opponent of communism in
   China, we was ultimately defeated and retreated
   to Taiwan
8. What was the significance of the Sudetan Land and
   the Rhineland?
9. This populist nationalist leader came to power in
   Argentina in 1946
10. He was the nationalistic Prime Minister of Japan
    during WWII

3
Socialism,Communism,Fascism
4
Lets Review

• Liberalism was a reaction to feudal society,
  involving
• focus on the individual, idea of responsible
  govt, support for Laissez-Faire capitalism,
  belief in individual rights and freedoms
• Conservatism was a reaction to Liberalism,
  involving
• desire to preserve tradition, support for common
  values, belief in strong govt control, idea that
  hierarchy and inequality were natural, support
  for aristocracies, suspicion of Laissez-Faire
  capitalism

5
Comparing the two

• LIBERALISM
• man is naturally good
• govt should interfere as little as possible in
  economic and social lives
• individual rights are most important
• people give govt the authority to rule, and can
  take it away if they are unhappy

• CONSERVATISM
• man can be evil
• govt should control economic and social/moral
  lives
• stability and order of society most important
• class hierarchy is natural, and so right to rule
  is hereditary

6
Socialism

• a reaction to the IndustrialRevolution,
  characterized by
• rejection of the idea that the wealthy deserve
  their wealth because they created it - but
  instead an argument that wealthy exploit working
  classes
• vision of society based on economic equality
• belief in cooperation, production for benefit of
  all
• idea of public ownership of means of production

7
Socialism vs. Liberalism

• AGREE that
• all people deserve equal treatment
• DISAGREE about
• unlike Liberalism, Socialism did not believe
  people could develop individually
• Socialism is not suspicious of the state in
  fact, Socialists rely on govt to regulate
  services and to provide for common good

8
Marx and Socialism

• German Socialist writer (1818 1883)
• believed society wasnt made up of individuals,
  but of CLASSES (based on economics)
• argued some classes were oppressed by others
• during his lifetime, he looked at the working
  classes and argued they were oppressed by the
  capitalist classes and that this was wrong
• Marx envisioned the working class taking over the
  govt (through revolution) and then the govt
  taking over all industry

9
Marxism to Communism

• Many Socialists disagreed with Marxs ideas on
• need for revolution
• complete abolition of all private ownership
• 1848 Marx and Engels publish the COMMUNIST
  MANIFESTO

10
Communism
The immediate aim of the Communists is the
formation of the proletariat into a class,
overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of
political power by the proletariat." - Karl Marx,
Communist Manifesto, 1848

• Communism is characterized by
• idea that history is guided by class struggle
• desire to establish a classless, stateless
  society
• belief in the abolition of all private ownership,
  
• belief that this will come about through
  revolution

11
Communism vs. Socialism

• Communism emerged out of Socialism and early
  communists considered themselves socialist
• For modern communists Communism is an advanced
  stage of Socialism ? Socialism is the stage
  between Capitalism (which is bad) and Communism
  (which is perfect)
• Communism in practice has moved significantly
  away from the theory disconnecting it from
  Socialism

12
Fascism

• a reaction to the rise of Liberalism,Socialism
  and Communism
• developed in Italy under Mussolini
• flourished in economically unstable countries
  prior to WWII

13
Fascism vs. CommunismBoth were dictatorial in
nature and both deprived individuals of their
rights within society BUT

• Communism
• proposed revolution to overthrow capitalism and
  ban private ownership
• called for a withering away of the state with
  eventual cooperative public control

• Fascism
• govt works within capitalism works with people
  who control production to improve state economy
• exalted the state above all, and used police and
  military to control people

14
Why did Fascism object to Liberalism,
Conservatism, Socialism and Communism?

• Fascists saw these other ideologies as having
  failed because they couldnt bring stability
• Fascism is based on idea of absolute state
• In a fascist state, citizens are obliged to
  believe, to obey, to combat for the good of the
  state this is the direct opposite of the 19th
  century ideals of individual liberty and freedom

15
Lets Summarize

• SOCIALISM
• man is naturally good a bad environment makes
  people bad
• govt should regulate economy public ownership
• equality is important, but the common good is the
  ultimate goal
• people give govt authority, and can take it away
  ? change happens through REFORM

• COMMUNISM
• man is perfectible
• eventually, the state will wither away and people
  will not need govt
• all goods will be held in common
• equality is important, but the common good is the
  ultimate goal
• people consent to be governed until the state
  withers away starts with REVOLUTION

16
To continue

• FASCISM
• man needs to be controlled
• the state is all important the individual is
  only important insofar as how he contributes to
  the state
• the govt controls all aspects of life this
  brings stability and order
• the people have no control over govt, and no
  right to rebel against govt
• enemies of the state will be dealt with harshly

17
A short list of Communist and fascist leaders of
this period

• Benito Mussolini
• Francisco Franco
• Chiang Kai-shek
• Vladimir Lenin
• Mao Zedong
• Joseph Stalin
• Juan Peron
• Hideki Tojo
• Josip Broz Tito

18
With God on our Side

• What commentary does this song make on the
  motivations of nations to go to war?
• What is meant by a nation thinking they have God
  on their side.
• Does the writer think that any war is ever really
  justified? Why?
• Why did he include the verse on Judas Iscariot?