Title: ????? ?????? Plant Nutrition
1????? ??????
- ????? ??????Plant Nutrition
2????? ??????
- ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??
- ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
??????? - ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? - ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (???????
??????? ??????? ?????)
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???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??
????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????
???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? C, O,
H, N. - ???? 16 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????
???????
4?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????
- ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??
??????? - ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???
?????? ??? ?????? - ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????
- ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????
- ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????.
5??????? ???????? ????????
- ??????? ???????? ?????? Macronutrients ???????
?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? gt 1000 ??? ??
??????? ??? - ?????? ?????? ????? ??? C, O, H ?? ????????? N
- ?????? ?????? ??? N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
- ??????? ???????? ?????? Micronutrients???????
?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? lt 500
??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? Fe,
Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl
6????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????
- ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??
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- ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????
???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????
??? pH
7??????? ???????? ?? ??????
- ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? 3 ??? ????? ??
???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? - ???????? ?? ????? ?????? Soil solution
- ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????
Exchangeable - ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? .
8?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????
- ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
- ????? ?? ????? ????????? Available ??? ??????
???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????
???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
???????? - ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? Unavailable
??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????
?? ?????? ???????
9??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????
- ???? ??? pH
- ????? ??????
- ?????? ??????
- ?????? ???????
- ??? ??????
10????????? ?? ??????
- ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????
?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???
?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??
?????? ?? ????? ??????
11???? ?? ??????
- ?????? ????? 2 ?? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?????
??? ????? ?????? NO3- , NO2- , NH4 ?????
????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????
????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? - ????? ???? ??? 99 ?? ????????? ?? ??????
??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 5-6
12 ???? ????????? ?? ??????
- ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????
??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????
13(No Transcript)
14 ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????
- ??????? Ammonification ????? ????? ?????????
?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ?? ???? NH4 - ??????? Mineralization ???? ????????? ??????
(NH2, Nh ) ??? ???? ?????? NH3 , - ?????? Nitrification ??? ????? ?????????
???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???
????? ???? ??? ?????? - - NH4 3/2 O2 Nitrosomonaas
- ???? NO2 2 H H2O
- ???? NO2 3/2 O2 Nitrobacter NO3
-
15- ?????? ??????? Nitrate reduction ????? ????? NO3
??? NH4 ???? ???????? ?????? - ??????? Assimilation ??? ????? NO3 ??? NH4 ????
????? ?????????? ????? - ??????? Dentrification ????? ????? ??????????
???????? NO3 ?? ???? ????? ??? N2,N2O, NO2
???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????
16??????? ??????????
- ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????
Azotobacter ?????????? Azomonas ????????????
Azospirrlia ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? -
17??????? ????????
- ????? ?? ?????? ????????? Rhizobia ??? ???? ????
????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????
????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ??
?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????
??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????
?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??
18???????? ?? ??????
- ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????
???????? - ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??
????? - ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????
???? - ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????
???????
19??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????
- ?? pH ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??
????? ?? 6.5 ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????
??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. - ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??
???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??
?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? - ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
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20??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????
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???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??
?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??
?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? - ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 6.5
- ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????
- ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????
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?????? - ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
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21?????????? ?? ??????
- ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???
??? 3 ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???
?????? ??? - ???????? ????
- ???????? ???? (??????)
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- ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
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??? ????????? ?????????
22??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????
- ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????
- ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????????
- ????? ?? CO2 ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????
?? ??????
23????????? ?? ??????
- ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????
??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????
????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? - ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????
???????????? ??? ????? ??????? - ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????
- ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
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24?????????? ?? ??????
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?????? ???? ????? ?????? - ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
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?? ???? ????????????
25??????? ?? ??????
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?????? ??????? - ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
????? ?????? ?????????? - ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????
??????? ????? ????
26??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????
Micronutrients
- ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
- ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????
????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? - ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????
????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? - ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
?????? ????????
27??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????
- ???? ?? pH ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?
???????? ???????? ?? 5 6.5 ??? ????????????
???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? 6 - ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????
??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? - ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????
???? ????????