PRIORITIZE

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PRIORITIZE

• We must not sacrifice our future for a momentary
  pleasure.

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VACCINES and VACCINE PROTOCOLS

• Canine and Feline

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Vaccination Failures

• Vaccines do not produce immunity in 100 of
  population
• Should decrease severity
• Protection of 70 of population sufficient if
  communicability is low
• In general practice, 1 vaccine break constitutes
  a failure

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MODIFIED LIVE vs. KILLED

• MLV
• Strong, long-lasting immune response that is
  achieved with fewer doses
• Adjuvants are not as necessary
• Quicker immune respones
• Less chance of allergic reactions
• After it is mixed only effective 1 hour

• KILLED (inactivated)
• More stable in storage
• Unlikely to contain contaminating pathogens
• Unlikely to cause disease due to residual
  disease-causing characteristics
• Produce little to no cellular and mucosal immunity

NO VACCINE IS 100 EFFECTIVE!
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ADJUVANTS

• Chemicals, microbial components, or mammalian
  proteins
• Enhances the immune response to vaccine antigens
• Aluminum gels/ salts

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CORE VACCINE

• Severity of disease
• Transmissibility
• Zoonotic potential

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CORE VACCINESWHAT ARE THEY?

• Those vaccines that every puppy should receive
  identified by vaccine experts such as the AAHA
  Canine Task Force
• CORE VACCINES FOR CANINES INCLUDE
• Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)
• Canine Distemper virus (CDV)
• rCDV Recombinat

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CORE VACCINES

• Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2)
• CAV-2 protects both 1 2
• Infectious Canine Heaptitis
• No CAV-1 because of anterior uveitis
• Hepatitis blue ice
• Rabies virus (RV)
• Killed vaccine
• State/provincial/local laws

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VACCINES GENERAL GUIDELINES

• Begin 6-9 weeks of age
• Do not give vaccines earlier than 5-6 weeks
• remember maternal antibody interference
• Frequency q 2-4 weeks
• May vary according to risk, vaccine
• End at least one dose should be given at age
  14-16 weeks of age or older
• Revaccination at 1 year of age or 1 year after
  the last puppy vaccination

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VACCINES-SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS, RABIES
VACCINATION

• Rabies vaccine is initially given at 12 wks of
  age
• Does not need to be boostered in 2-4 weeks, but
  rather within 12 months. Each subsequent rabies
  vaccine should be given q 3yrs.
• Rabies vaccine is the only canine vaccine
  requiring a minimum duration of immunity study
  and labeled as 1 yr or 3 yr. by the USDA.

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VACCINES-DURATION OF IMMUNITY

• The minimum duration of immunity for the core
  vaccines (except rabies) is at least 5-7 yrs.
  (after initial puppy set of vxns)
• based on challenge and/or antibody titers
• you can even have this done in your own pets to
  determine his/her immunity level against a
  particular disease.
• Today, a 3 yr revaccination program has been
  recommended in the AAHA Canine Vaccination
  Guidelines for dogs and the American Association
  of Feline Practitioners Guidelines for cats

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SO WHY DO WE VACCINATE EVERY YEAR?

• Following the vaccine label
• Veterinarians resistant to change
• Fear that not revaccinating will cause the animal
  to become susceptible soon after one year.
• Compliance with boarding kennel rules

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VACCINES-NON-CORE

• Optional or non-core vaccines should only be
  given to animals that need them and only as often
  as needed!
• Potential problems duration of immunity is not
  known, the efficacy is limited or not known
• EX Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Canine Influenza,
  Lyme disease, Canine coronavirus, Giardia (AAHA
  Guidelines do not recommend coronavirus or
  giardia vaccines unless they can be proven to be
  beneficial for a certain animal)

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VACCINES-NON-CORE

• New vaccines snakebites (Crotalus sp. Toxoid,
  western diamonback rattlesnake), periodontal
  disease (porphyromonas sp.), as well as a
  therapeutic vaccine for treatment of canine
  melanomas.
• VACCINES MUST BE TAILORED
• TO THE INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL
• -Older/younger animal vs. adult
• - bacterial vaccine vs. viral vaccine
• Geographic area

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VACCINES-GENERAL GUIDELINES IN FELINES

• Begin 8-10 weeks of age
• Frequency q 2-4 weeks
• End last dose at 14-16 weeks of age

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VACCINES-FELINE CONSIDERATIONS
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CORE VACCINES-FELINE

• Feline parvovirus (panleukopenia)
• Feline calicivirus
• Feline herpes virus (viral rhinotracheitis)
• Rabies virus
• Given at 12-16 weeks of age
• FVRCP

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VACCINES-NON-CORE

• FeLV (feline leukemia)
• FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)
• Chlamydia
• Feline coronavirus (FIP)
• Feline Giardia
• Bordetella bronchiseptica
• Feline systemic calicivirus

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VACCINE QUESTIONS

• May I use smaller vaccine dose in small breeds to
  reduce the risk of adverse reactions?
• NO- the volume (1.0ml) as recommended by the
  manufacturer generally represents the minimum
  immunizing dose
• This means that a Great Dane should receive the
  same amount of vaccine as a Chihuahua

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VACCINE QUESTIONS

• May I vaccinate pregnant pets?
• It is best to avoid this. Risk to the fetuses is
  a concern. Assess risk vs. benefit

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VACCINE QUESTIONS

• May I vaccinate a patient while under anesthesia?
• It is best not to do this. The patient may
  develop a hypersensitivity reaction that may be
  harder to recognize under anesthesia and may be
  more difficult to treat. Risk of vomiting and
  aspiration is higher.

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VACCINE QUESTIONS

• May I inject a modified live intranasal
  Bordetella vaccine?
• NO- the vaccine can cause a severe local reaction
  and may even result in death (liver disease)
• Intranasal vaccines are effective against
  respiratory disease, form immunoglobulin A which
  produces quick local immunity