Notes Prejudice and Discrimination

1
Notes Prejudice and Discrimination
LO 11.8 Prejudice and Discrimination
AP Processes That Contribute to Differential
Treatment

• Prejudice negative attitude held by a person
  about the members of a particular social group
• Discrimination treating people differently
  because of prejudice toward the social group to
  which they belong

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Prejudice and Discrimination
LO 11.8 Prejudice and Discrimination
AP Processes That Contribute to Differential
Treatment

• Forms of prejudice include ageism, sexism,
  racism, ethnocentrism, and prejudice against
  those who are too fat or too thin

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Attitudes Making Social Judgments

• Relationship between attitudes and behavior
• Richard LaPiere journeyed across the country
  with an Asian couple and found that people who
  voice prejudicial attitudes may not behave in
  discriminatory ways

4
Prejudice and Discrimination
AP Processes That Contribute to Differential
Treatment
LO 11.8 Prejudice and Discrimination

• In-groups social groups with whom a person
  identifies us
• Out-groups social groups with whom a person does
  not identify them
• Scapegoating tendency to direct prejudice and
  discrimination at out-group members who have
  little social power or influence

5
Overcoming Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop
It

• Jigsaw classroom educational technique in
  which each individual is given only part of the
  information needed to solve a problem, forcing
  individuals to work together to find the solution

6
Notes How People Learn Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop
It
AP Processes That Contribute to Differential
Treatment

• Social cognitive theory views prejudice as an
  attitude acquired through direct instruction,
  modeling, and other social influences
• Realistic conflict theory conflict between
  groups increases prejudice and discrimination

7
How People Learn Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop
It

• Social identity theory the formation of a
  persons identity within a particular social
  group is explained by social categorization,
  social identity, and social comparison
• social identity the part of the self-concept
  including ones view of self as a member of a
  particular social category
• social comparison the comparison of oneself to
  others in ways that raise ones self-esteem

AP Processes That Contribute to Differential
Treatment/The Impact of Social and Cultural
Categories
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How People Learn Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop
It
AP Processes That Contribute to Differential
Treatment/The Impact of Behavior on
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

• Stereotype vulnerability the effect that
  peoples awareness of the stereotypes associated
  with their social group has on their behavior
• Self-fulfilling prophecy the tendency of ones
  expectations to affect ones behavior in such a
  way as to make the expectation more likely to
  occur

9
Overcoming Prejudice
LO 11.9 Why People Are Prejudiced and How to Stop
It

• Equal status contact contact between groups in
  which the groups have equal status, with neither
  group having power over the other

10
Attraction
LO 11.10 Factors that Govern Attraction and the
Different Forms of Love
AP Variables Contributing to Altruism,
Aggression, and Attraction

• Interpersonal attraction liking or having the
  desire for a relationship with another person
• physical attractiveness
• proximity physical or geographical nearness
• people like people who are similar to themselves
  OR who are different from themselves
  (complementary)
• reciprocity of liking tendency of people to like
  other people who like them in return

11
Love
LO 11.10 Factors that Govern Attraction and the
Different Forms of Love
AP Variables Contributing to Altruism,
Aggression, and Attraction

• Love a strong affection for another person due
  to kinship, personal ties, sexual attraction,
  admiration, or common interests
• Sternbergs three components of love
• intimacy
• passion
• commitment

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Love
LO 11.10 Factors that Govern Attraction and the
Different Forms of Love
AP Variables Contributing to Altruism,
Aggression, and Attraction

• Romantic love consists of intimacy and passion
• Companionate love consists of intimacy and
  commitment
• Consummate love ideal love, in which all three
  components are present

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Figure 11.5 Sternbergs Triangular Theory of
LoveThis diagram represents the seven different
kinds of love that can result from combining the
three components of love intimacy, passion, and
commitment. Notice that some of these types of
love sound less desirable or positive than
others. What is the one key element missing from
the less positive types of love? Source Adapted
from Sternberg (1986).
14
Notes Aggression
LO 11.11 Biology and Learning Influences on
Aggression
AP Variables Contributing to Altruism,
Aggression, and Attraction/How Heredity,
Environment, and Evolution Shape Behavior

• Frustrationaggression hypothesis aggression is
  a reaction to frustration
• Konrad Lorenz saw aggression as an instinct for
  fighting to promote the survival of our species
• Biological influences on aggression may include
  genetics, the amygdala and limbic system, and
  testosterone and serotonin levels

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Aggression
LO 11.11 Biology and Learning Influences on
Aggression
AP Variables Contributing to Altruism,
Aggression, and Attraction/Identify Important
Figures

• Violence in the media
• Albert Bandura Bobo Doll
• Social role the pattern of behavior that is
  expected of a person who is in a particular
  social position
• Zimbardos Stanford prison experiment

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The Power of the Situation Stanford Prison
Experiment

• Philip Zimbardo 1971 wanted to see how the power
  of the situation would shape the behavior of
  normal, average subjects

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Stanford Prison Experiment

• Participants behavior was influenced by social
  roles
• Social Roles shared expectations about how people
  in certain positions should behave
• Like Milgram, Zimbardo concluded that situational
  pressures can lead normal, decent people to
  behave in sinister, repugnant ways.