Age of Anxiety

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Age of Anxiety

• Post WWI Great Depression

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Europes mood after WWI
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Europe after WWI
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Transformation of Europe

• Period of Social Change
• Scientific and Cultural Transformation
• German Hyperinflation

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Social Changes of the 20s

• Class distinctions faded as role of aristocracy
  declined
• Government expansion led to more white-collar
  jobs (office work, business, etc)
• Advancements in technology slowed of working
  class
• Women earned the right to vote
• Did not effect politics as women voted like male
  relatives

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German Hyperinflation

• German economy collapsed in 1923
• Treaty of Versailles
• Loss of territory
• War Guilt Clause
• Had to pay the winners back for the war
• Leads to Hyper-inflation

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What does hyperinflation look like?

• What can you do with German
• money in 1923?
• Make a fort (above) or burn it
• for heat (right)

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Robert Mugabe and Zimbabwe
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(No Transcript)
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The Dawes Plan
Germany
United States
High Interest Loans
Interest on War Debts
War Reparations
Allies
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The Great Depression

• Causes

• Effects

• Agricultural Depression
• Bank Failures
• Overproduction of Goods
• Credit

• Decline of world trade
• Massive unemployment
• Global decline in industrial production
• Poverty and hunger widespread

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Reactions to the Depression

• Government Changes
• The New Deal
• Keynesian Economics
• Greater government role in the economy
• Political Radicalization
• Rise of communist and fascist parties
• Germany and Japan turn to state controlled
  economic growth

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Fascism

• Mussolini Italy (1922)
• One- party dictatorship
• Took over all positions in government, the press,
  public education, and gave employers control over
  workers
• Extreme form of nationalism
• Powerful secret police
• Fascism appealed to people who feared
• Rapid change economic instability

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Totalitarianism and Mass Mobilization

• Characteristics
• Attack liberal democracy and capitalism
• State directed economy
• State more important than the individual
• Charismatic dictators
• Depend upon mobilization of the masses
• Embrace public welfare programs
• Use censorship and propaganda
• Women not permitted a public role

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Adolf Hitler

• Rise of Hitler

• Reforms by Hitler

• Austrian
• Served in World War I
• Became chancellor of Germany in 1933

• Ignores the Treaty of Versailles
• Ends war reparations payments
• Remilitarizes Germany

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Japan

• Authoritarian
• Want to get out of the Great Depression
• Some working class parties
• Government fell into the hands of a nationalist
  military group
• Began aggressively attacking areas of Asia