Vitamins, Minerals and Water

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Vitamins, Minerals and Water
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Objectives

• Identify the two main classes of vitamins
• List seven minerals your body needs in
  significant amounts
• Explain why water is so important to your body

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Vocabulary

• Vitamin-
• A nutrient that is made by living things, is
  required in small amounts, and assists in
  chemical reactions in the body
• Antioxidant-
• A vitamin that helps protect healthy cells from
  the damage caused by the normal aging process as
  well as from certain types of cancer
• Mineral-
• A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or
  soil, needed by the body in small amounts

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• Anemia
• A condition in which the red blood cells do not
  contain enough hemoglobin
• Homeostasis
• The process of maintaining a steady state inside
  the body
• Electrolyte
• A dissolved substance that regulates many
  processes in cells
• Dehydration
• A serious reduction in the bodys water content

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Vitamins

• Unlike carbs, fats and proteins vitamins do not
  directly provide you with energy or the raw
  materials of which your cells are made
• Vitamins help the body with various processes,
  including the use of other nutrients
• Vitamins play roles in chemical reactions in the
  body. example vitamin K helps your blood clot
  when you get a cut or a scrape

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• Your body is able to make some vitamins
• Example your skin manufactures vitamin D when
  it is exposed to sunlight
• However, most vitamins must be supplied in the
  food you eat
• 2 classes of vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins
  (which dissolve in fatty materials) and
  water-soluble vitamins (which dissolve in water).

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Fat-Soluble Vitamins(Can be stored by the body)

• Vitamin A Found in Liver eggs cheese milk
  yellow, orange and dark green vegetables and
  fruit
• Vitamin D- Found in Milk eggs liver exposure
  of skin to sunlight
• Vitamin E- Found in Margarine vegetable oils
  wheat germs whole grains legumes green, leafy
  vegetables
• Vitamin K- Found in Green, leafy vegetables
  potatoes liver made by intestinal bacteria

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Fat-Soluble Vitamin Functions

• Vitamin A- Maintains healthy skin, bones, teeth
  and hair aids vision in dim light
• Vitamin D- maintains bones and teeth helps in
  the use of calcium and phosphorus
• Vitamin E- Aids in maintenance of red blood
  cells, vitamin A, and fats
• Vitamin K- Aids in blood clotting

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Water Soluble Vitamins (Cannot be stored by the
body)Therefore, it is important to eat foods
that supply them every day

• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) pork products liver
  whole-grain foods legumes
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Milk eggs meat whole
  grains dark green vegetables
• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Poultry meat fish whole
  grains nuts
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) meat poultry fish
  whole-grain foods green vegetables

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• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) meat fish poultry
  eggs milk cheese
• Pantothenic acid organ meats poultry fish
  eggs grains
• Folate (folic acid) green, leafy vegetables
  legumes
• Biotin- organ meats poultry fish eggs peas
  bananas melons
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) citrus fruits green
  vegetables melons potatoes tomatoes

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Water-Soluble Vitamin functions

• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Aids in carbohydrate use
  and nervous system function
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Aids in metabolism of
  carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Aids in metabolism
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Aids in metabolism of
  carbohydrates, proteins and fats

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• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Maintains healthy
  nervous system and red blood cells
• Pantothenic acid Aids in metabolism
• Folate (folic acid) Aids in formation of red
  blood cells and protein
• Biotin- Aids in metabolism
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Aids in bone, teeth,
  and skin formations, resistance to infection,
  iron uptake

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The 7 minerals you NEED in significant amounts

• Calcium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Chlorine
• Sulfur

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Water

• About 65 of your body weight is water
• Water is essential for all life processes
• Almost all of the bodys chemical reactions take
  place in a water solution
• Water is the primary component of blood and
  tissue
• It carries dissolved waste products out of the
  body and helps digest food

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What roles does water play in homeostasis?

• Water regulates body temperature
• When you become overheated, your body excretes
  perspiration, which cools your body
• Water contains dissolved substances called
  electrolytes that regulate many processes in your
  cells

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Dehydration

• 2 causes of dehydration very heavy perspiring
  and severe diarrhea
• When the body is dehydrated it loses important
  electrolytes along with the water
• Symptoms weakness, rapid breathing, and a weak
  heartbeat

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How much water?

• Females age 14-18 Everyday you need at least ten
  8-ounce cups of water
• Males age 14-18 Everyday you need at least
  fourteen 8-ounce cups of water
• Foods that contain a lot of water fruits and
  vegetables or juices
• Drinks that contain caffeine- may not be a good
  source of water for your body