Social and cultural trends

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Social and cultural trends
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Advertising

• Rowland H. Macy opened one of the first
  department stores in N.Y. in 1858 and it became
  the largest in America.
• Methods used advertising, goods organized into
  departments, and high quality goods for fair
  prices.
• New concepts at other stores money back
  guarantee, newspaper advertisements, lower
  shipping rates, distinctive logos, and long
  distance shipping.

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Rowland H. Macy
The first Macys in New York City
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Higher Standard of Living

• Better sanitation and health care allowed for a
  longer life expectancy and new products and new
  technology cost less.
• Middle class tried to imitate the rich upper
  class.
• Women began to focus more on clothing styles and
  more complicated meals.
• Public transportation allowed families to live
  outside of the cities so men became commuters and
  began spending more time away from home.

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Life in the 1860s Life in the 1900s

• US Govt issued 500,000 patentselectricity
• Refrigerated railroad cars
• Sewer systems and sanitation
• Increased productivity made live easier and
  comfortable.
• Power stations, electricity for lamps, fans,
  printing presses, appliances, typewriters, etc.
• New York to San Francisco to 10 days using
  railroad.
• 1.5 million telephones in use all over the
  country
• Western Union Telegraph was sending thousands of
  messages daily throughout the country.

• No indoor electric lights
• No refrigeration
• No indoor plumbing
• Kerosene or wood to heat
• Wood stoves to cook with
• Horse and buggy
• In 1860, most mail from the East Coast took ten
  days to reach the Midwest and three weeks to get
  to the West Coast.
• A letter from Europe to a person on the frontier
  could take several months to reach its
  destination.

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Mass Culture

• Newspapers
• Literature
• Education

• Mass Culture- when household items, food,
  preferences are the same from house to house in a
  given place.

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Newspapers

• Helped create mass culture.
• Between 1870-1900 newspapers increased from 600
  to more than 1600.
• Joseph Pulitzer- The World and the Evening World.
• Believed it was his job to inform people and stir
  up controversy.

• Included comics, exposure of political
  corruption, sports and illustrations.
• William Randolph Hearst- Morning Journal.
  Competitor to Joseph Pulitzer.
• Special interest newspapers soon began to spring
  up in ethnic neighborhoods as well.

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Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
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Literature and the Arts

• Literature and art often took the roles of
  telling the story of what it was like to live in
  the time period.
• Horatio Alger wrote about people who succeeded
  by hard work.
• Others wrote/painted about rules of conduct in
  society, the slums of the cities, and street
  life.

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Education

• Literacy rate rose to about 90 in 1900.
• More schools being built for children.
• Science, woodworking, drafting, civics, business
  training, English.
• John Dewey- new methods of teaching that allowed
  students to answer their own questions.
• Higher education institutions became specialized
  to train in urban careers.
• Teaching, social work, and nursing were some of
  the new careers.
• Led to an advancement in womens colleges.

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New Forms of Entertainment

• Amusement Parks
• Buffalo Bill Cody, Annie Oakley, and Sitting
  Bull.
• Religious Summer Camps
• Vaudeville Shows
• Movie Theaters
• Variety Shows

• Basketball
• Baseball
• Horse Racing
• Football
• Bicycle Racing
• Boxing

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Amusement Parks

• 1884 First Roller Coaster (Lamarcus Thompson)
• First ride to open at Coney Island.
• Parks offered a new getaway for people who would
  otherwise go on a picnic for a daily adventure.

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Outdoor Events

• Buffalo Bill Cody, Annie Oakley, and Sitting
  Bull. Wild West Show
• Included roping, riding, and shooting.
• Took the show across the country.

• Religious summer camps that children and families
  could attend.
• New Yorks Chautauqua Lake.
• Families could stay for up to two weeks at these
  camps.

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New Entertainment in the City

• Vaudeville shows Medley of musical drama, songs
  and off color comedy.
• Tony Pastor- opened theater in 1881 to offer
  clean cut variety shows.
• Motion pictures soon became popular.
• Ragtime music soon became jazz music.

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Spectator Sports

• Baseball- National League 1876.
• Boston Fenway Park.
• 1908- Take Me Out To The Ball Game
• African American teams emerge in 1900.

• Horse racing, bicycle racing, boxing and
  football.
• James Naismith invented basketball in
  Springfield, Mass. in 1891.

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