File Parts

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File Parts
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Ensure file is fitted with handle before use to
avoid injury
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File Handle FittingThe handle must be fitted
correctly to avoid damage,if it were just forced
on using a hammer or mallet the handle would
split due to taper on tang forcing wood
out.Correct fitting method is1) Heat up the
tang of the file with a flame as shown
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2) Push handle onto heated tang using leather
gloves as shown below.This burns the wood
inside the hole of the handles and forms it to
the shape of the tang to form a good tight fit
that will be permanent.
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Using the fileThe file is held with both hands
squarely on material as shown and moved across
work piece as shown to achieve flat finish
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To achieve a very fine cut with a smooth finish
the file is used as shown below, this is called
draw filing
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Types of File cutFiles are produced with three
main types of cut these are1) Single cut files
have one set of teeth diagonally arranged across
the file and are used on soft materials such as
Copper and Brass as the single row of teeth is
less likely to clog up.
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2) Cross cut files have two sets of teeth
crossing each diagonally across the file, these
are the most common type and are used on harder
materials such as iron and steel, as this type of
material is less likely to clog up the file.
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3) The rasp has large individual teeth arranged
well spaced out across the file in rows, they are
used for filling very soft materials such as
aluminium, wood and plastic as there is a greater
risk of materials like these clogging up the file
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• Grades of file
• Files are produced in five main grades these are
• Rough cut which are very course and used to
  remove large quantities of material quickly.
• Bastard cut which is semi-rough and used to
  remove medium amounts of material, for general
  purpose filing and where surface finish is not
  important.
• Second cut which is used to remove small to
  medium amounts of material, and shape component
  close to finished size, also where a reasonable
  surface finish is required.
• Smooth cut which is used to remove small amounts
  of material, and can be a finishing cut if a
  smooth surface finish is required.
• Dead smooth cut which is used only for finishing
  cuts where only very small amounts of material
  need to be removed and where a very smooth
  surface finish is required.

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The three most commonly used grades are shown
below
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Different shaped filesFlat file this is
parallel in width and thickness, usually has a
double cut on both faces with a single cut on one
edge and no teeth on final edge, this is known as
a safe edge which protects shoulders when filing
against a finishededge.
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Square file which tapers on all sides on the last
third used for filing rectangular holes, slots or
grooves
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Round file, as the name suggests this is round in
shape and used for opening up holes or elongating
slots.
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Half round file, double cut on flat face and
single cut on round face, used for filing
internal curved surfaces, flat side can be used
for general purpose filing.
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Three square or triangular file, this is double
cut on all three faces it is used for filing
corners or acute angles.
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Knife file, very thin used for filing were there
is very little space such as small openings or
grooves.