Energy Flow

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Energy Flow
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Laws of Thermodynamics

• 1. Energy is neither created or destroyed, only
  transferred
• 2. With every transfer, some energy is lost to
  HEAT (or other less available form of energy)

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BIOTIC COMPONENTS of an ECOSYSTEM
CONSUMERS (consume food) Need a preformed souce
of organic nutrients
DECOMPOSERS (Break down dead organic
matter) VALUABLE- release inorganic nutrients for
plants to take up
PRODUCERS (produce food)
Chemoautotrophs- bacteria that use inorganic
chemicals like ammonia, nitrites, sulfides to
make food) Photoautotrophs-use energy from the
sunproduce most of the organic nutrients for the
biosphere
Ex- nonphotosynthetic bacteria, fungi DETRITUS
partially decomposed matter in the water or soil
Consumers can be Primary/Secondary/
Tertiary (See next)
What does each arrow represent?
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Kinds of Consumers

• Primary/1st level
• Secondary/ 2nd level
• Tertiary/ 3rd level

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FOOD CHAINS

• Show how matter and energy move through an
  ecosystem

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All food is NOT created equal

• TROPHIC LEVELS All the organisms that feed at a
  particular link in a food chain
• 10 rule In general only about 10 of the
  energy from one trophic level is available to the
  next!!!

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A weakness in the chain

• Food chains can only have up to about 5 links
• Animals at the end of the chain wouldnt get
  enough nutrients and energy.
• Most animals are part of more than one food chain
• This creates

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FOOD WEBS!

• Interconnected food chains. They express all the
  possible feeding relationships at each trophic
  level in a community.
• Arrows are drawn from food source to consumers
  (substitute eaten by for arrows)

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Which of the following organisms are producers?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9
10. 0

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7
1
8
2
5
9
4
10
3
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Which of the following organisms are consumers?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9
10. 0

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6
7
7
1
1
8
2
2
5
5
9
4
4
0
3
10
3
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Which of these are primary consumers?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9
10. 0

6
7
1
8
2
5
9
4
10
3
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Biomass Pyramid

• The total amount of living material present in
  each trophic level (a feeding step in a food
  chain).

NOTE are there more autotrophs or
heterotrophs? WHY?
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Pyramid of Numbers
Each bar in the pyramid represents the size of
the population at that trophic level
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Pyramids of Energy

• Each bar in the pyramid represents the energy
  available within that trophic level
• Remember the 10 rule!!!

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