LEARNING

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LEARNING
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How do we learn?

• Most learning is associative learning
• Learning that certain events occur together.

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Three Main Types of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning

• Observational Learning

Latent Learning
Abstract Learning
Insight Learning
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) a stimulus that
naturally and automatically triggers a response.
Unconditional Response (UCR) the unlearned,
naturally occurring response to the UCS.
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS) an originally
irrelevant stimulus that, after association with
the UCS, comes to trigger a response.
Conditioned Response (CR) the learned response
to a previously neutral stimulus.
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

• You like to take showers in the locker room
  after working out. During one such shower, you
  hear someone flushing a nearby toilet. Suddenly
  boiling hot water rushes out of the shower head,
  causing serious discomfort. As you continue the
  shower, you hear another toilet flush and
  immediately jump out form under the shower head.

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UCS UCRCSCR

• Your mother had prepared a tuna sandwich for
  lunch. Unfortunately the mayonnaise she used had
  been left out too long and was tainted. Not long
  after eating, you felt extremely nauseated and
  had to rush to the bathroom. Thereafter the mere
  mention of a tuna sandwich sent you scurrying to
  the bathroom with a hurting stomach.

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UCS? UCR? CS? CR?

• You were happy when you heard your family's plan
  to go to a water show. Then you heard the
  weather report, which predicted temperatures
  exceeding 100 degrees. As you watched the water
  skiers performed taxing routines to the blaring
  organ music, you got more and more sweaty and
  uncomfortable. Eventually, you fainted from the
  heat. After the family outing you could never
  again hear organ music without feeling a little
  dizzy.

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Come up with your own examples of Classical
Conditioning
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Pavlov spent the rest of his life outlining his
ideas. He came up with 5 critical terms that
together make up classical conditioning.

• Acquisition
• Extinction
• Spontaneous Recovery
• Generalization
• Discrimination

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Acquisition

• The initial stage of learning.
• The phase where the neutral stimulus is
  associated with the UCS so that the neutral
  stimulus comes to elicit the CR (thus becoming
  the CS).

Does timing matter?

• The CS should come before the UCS
• They should be very close together in timing.

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Extinction

• The diminishing of a conditioned response.
• Will eventually happen when the UCS does not
  follow the CS.

Is extinction permanent?
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Spontaneous Recovery

• The reappearance. After a rest period, of an
  extinguished conditioned response.

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Generalization

• The tendency, once a response has been
  conditioned, for stimuli similar to the CS to
  elicit similar responses.

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Discrimination

• The learned ability to distinguish between a CS
  and other stimuli that does not signal UCS.