Think B I G !

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Think B I G !

• BUT
• the next B I G thing is
• really small

By Orlando M. Patricio (United ISD, Laredo)
Catherine Leonida (Houston ISD) Mentor Dr.
Helen (Hong) Liang with the invaluable
support and assistance of Dr. Sudeep Ingole
(TAMU, College Station)
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Nanotechnology

• Nano came from the Greek word Nanos meaning
  dwarf. It refers to one-billionth of something.
• Nanotechnology is the art and science of
  manipulating and rearranging individual atoms and
  molecules to create useful materials, devices and
  systems.
• Importance
• Applications

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Buckminster Fullerene (Buckyball)
Planet Earth
Soccer ball
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Nanotech Application in Arts
Lycrugus cup with focused light
Lycrugus cup with diffused light
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History
1857 Michael Faraday discovers colloid gold

• Feynman suggests that there is
• plenty of room to work at the
• nanoscale

1905 Albert Einstein explains the existence of colloids     Albert Einstein

• The word nanotechnology
• first used

• IBM invent a machine which can
• move single atoms around

• A new form of carbon is
• discovered C60

• Langmuir discovers layers of
• atoms one molecule thick

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1990 IBM demonstrate ability to control the position of atomsIBM logo in atoms
1991 Carbon nanotubes discovered
1993 First high-quality quantum dots prepared
1997 Nanotransistor built
2000 DNA motor madeDNA Motor
2001 Prototype fuel cell made using nanotubes
2002 Stain-repellent trousers reach the high streetTrousers
2003 Prototype nano-solar cells produced
2004 Research and development continues to advance
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Titanium Oxide
Sunscreen 65nm particles of titanium oxide are
being used in new sunscreens. These particles,
made by companies like Oxonica, absorb UV light
for longer with significantly less free radical
formation (which leads to cell damage and skin
ageing) than existing sunscreens.
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Tennis racquet Babolat are producing a racquet that incorporates carbon nanotubes into the frame. The racket is said to be five times stiffer than standard carbon racquet and bends less when the ball impacts. The reduction in the energy lost means that the players return is stronger.    Nanotube 2nm
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Biomedical Applications
B.D. Ratner, U. Washington
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Implants and Artificial Joints
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Artificial Knee Joint
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Hip Replacement
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Other Permanent Implants

• Tendons
• Pacemakers
• Cochlea
• Heart
• Need to avoid provoking immune system
• Need appropriate cell growth

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B. D. Ratner, U. Washington
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Issues Facing Nanotechnology

• Hip knee Prostheses (10-15 lifetime)
• Vascular Grafts (no healing)
• Heart Valves (calcification or clotting and
• thrombosis or
  closure)
• Contact Lenses (discomfort and eye injury)
• Dental Implants (loosening)

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Life Style Improvement

• Enhance-Performance Surgeries
• - Help middle-aged patients to get back to
  active life
• style
• Degenerated disk 10,00015,000 (replacement)
• /Artificial disk
• Potholed knee 7,500?13,500 (50,000 lab.)
• Cartilage-cell transplant
• Ingeix, Aug. 2003, The Asian Wall Street Journal,
  Aug. 29-31, 2003.

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E3-Research Projects
Novel sensors.
New nanomanufacturing processes for nanocrystals.
Surface and interface in synergetic systems.
Extension of artificial joints lifespan.
Self-repairing railroad tracks.
Processes to make small chips.
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E3-Research Projects
Sonomaterials new process to make
nanomaterials Approach ultrasound,
microscopes (opt., e-, etc.)
Biomaterials investigate failure mechanisms
of chicken joints Approach
test friction and wear in biofluids, tribometer
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Investigation of Surface Morphology of Boron
Particles Using Sonochemistry
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What is Boron???

• Boron
• Properties
• Sources
• Uses and Practical Applications

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Sonochemistry

• It is the creation, growth and collapse of a
  bubble that is formed in the liquid with the
  application of ultrasonic energy.
• Creation of bubbles. Ultrasonic energy was used
  to reduce the intermolecular forces of acetone
  hence, enabling the creation of bubbles.
• Growth of bubbles. This takes place through the
  diffusion of Boron in vapor form to the volume of
  the bubble.
• Collapse of bubbles. When the bubbles reach its
  optimum size, they collapse and release a
  localized temperature up to 5000 K and raise the
  pressure to a few hundred atm.

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Experimentation

• Procurement of materials
• Acetone, boron powder, ultrasonic device,
  fume hood, syringe, 5 amples, water
• Methodology
• -Add water in the ultrasonic device, just
  enough to partially submerge a small beaker
  containing Boron powder with acetone.
• -Place the above set-up in the fume hood and
  allow the ultrasonic device to operate. When
  needed, add acetone to the beaker to prevent the
  solution from drying up. Take and label samples
  every hour until you obtain 5 samples.
• -Put a drop of each sample on separate
  slides and allow the acetone to dry up.
• - Mount the slides one at a time, upside
  down, and examine them under the
• microscope.

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Data
Sample B (3hr) 1000 x
Sample A (1 hr) 1000 x
Sample C (5hr) 1000 x
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Boron (Amorphous) 1200x
Sample A - Boron 1 hr 1200x
Sample C - Boron 5 hr 1200x
Sample B - Boron 3 hr 1200x
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Acknowledgment

• E3 Organizing Committee ( headed by Ms. Jan
  Rinehart)
• Dr. Helen (Hong) Liang and her graduate students
• Dr. Sudeep Ingole