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Periodontics

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Periodontics Periodontitis Periodontist Dentist specializes in treating tissues around the tooth. Peri = around Dont = tooth Periodontal tissues (Periodontium ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Periodontics


1
Periodontics
2
Periodontitis
  • Periodontal tissues (Periodontium)
  • Gingiva
  • Sulcus
  • Epithelial attachment
  • Bone (alveolar)
  • Lamina dura
  • PDL
  • Periodontal ligament
  • Sharpeys fibers
  • Cementum
  • Surrounds the root
  • Periodontist
  • Dentist specializes in treating tissues around
    the tooth.
  • Peri around
  • Dont tooth

3
Periodontitis
  • Signs / symptoms
  • Swollen gums
  • Shiny gums
  • Red gums
  • Bleeding
  • Plaque
  • Calculus
  • Recession
  • Maloclussion

4
Periodontitis
  • Causes
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Plaque
  • Calculus
  • Poor diet
  • Lack of sleep
  • Genetics
  • Medications / drugs
  • Stress
  • Bruxism

5
Periodontal stages
  • Stage I
  • Gingivitis
  • Inflammation of the gingiva.
  • Not true perio
  • Must have pockets!
  • Stage II
  • Early perio
  • Pocket formation
  • 4 -5 mm
  • No mobility

6
Periodontal stages
  • Stage III
  • Moderate perio
  • 4 6 mm pockets
  • Recession
  • Bone loss
  • Mobility

7
Periodontal stages
  • Stage IV
  • Advanced perio
  • 6 mm pockets
  • Mod severe recession
  • Severe bone loss
  • Furcation involvement
  • Mod- severe mobility

8
Refractory periodontitis
  • ANUG
  • Acute
  • Necrotizing
  • Ulcerative
  • Gingivitis
  • Aka
  • Vincents Disease
  • trench mouth
  • Really bad perio
  • Additional signs/symptoms
  • PAIN
  • Dead tissue
  • Sores
  • Metallic taste
  • Death Breath

9
Mobility
  • Movement of the tooth within the socket.
  • Scale of 0 4
  • 0 normal
  • 1 slight
  • 2 moderate
  • 3 severe

10
Diagnosis
  • Extraoral exam
  • Skin, lips, TMJ
  • Intraoral exam
  • Color
  • Size
  • Texture
  • Consistency
  • Of all tissues
  • Radiographs
  • X-rays
  • Vertical BWX
  • Pano
  • Indicate
  • Bone loss
  • Vertical
  • Horizontal
  • Diseased tissue
  • abscesses

11
Radiographs
12
Periodontal probing
  • Measures the sulcus / pocket depth.
  • Instrument?
  • Periodontal probe
  • 0 3 mm healthy
  • 6 readings / measurements around the tooth.
  • Anterior teeth
  • F, MF, DF
  • L, ML, DL
  • Posterior teeth
  • B, MB, DB
  • L, ML, DL

13
Periodontal probing
14
Treatment
  • Full Mouth Debridement
  • Too much calculus to probe.
  • Root Planing
  • Smoothing root surface
  • Calculus
  • Dead cementum
  • Gingival curettage
  • Scraping the gums
  • Remove dead / diseased gingival tissue.

15
Treatment
  • Prophylaxis
  • Fine scale and polishing.
  • Remove
  • Calculus
  • Sub-gingival
  • Supra-gingival
  • Stain
  • Extrinsic
  • Soft depostis
  • Plaque
  • stain

16
Surgical Treatment
  • Flap surgery
  • Used to gain access to the bone.
  • Allows other procedures to be completed.
  • Alveoplasty
  • Reshaping the alveolar bone
  • Ostectomy
  • Bone removal
  • Additive osseous surgery.
  • Bone graft.

17
Surgical Treatment
  • Gingivectomy
  • Surgical removal of the gums
  • Gingivoplasty
  • Reshaping / recontouring the gums
  • Scallop

18
Mucogingival Surgery
  • Frenectomy
  • Removal of the frenum and attachment to bone.
  • Tongue tied
  • Anklyoglossia
  • Gingival grafting
  • Tissue is taken from one site and place on
    another.
  • Palate

19
Periodontal instruments
  • Periodontal probe
  • Measures the sulcus
  • Ultrasonic scaler
  • Used with hand scaling to remove gross calculus
  • Scaler
  • Removes gross calculus
  • supragingival
  • Curette
  • Root planing
  • Curettage
  • Sub-gingival calculus
  • Pocket marker
  • Marks tissue for incision
  • Periosteal elevator
  • Separates tissue from bone

20
Periodontal instruments
  • Rongeurs
  • Cut / trim bone
  • Periodontal knives
  • Cut / incise tissue
  • Orban
  • Kirkland
  • Bard parker and 15 blade.
  • Electrosurgery machines.
  • Uses electric current to incise tissue.
  • Lasers
  • Many different uses in periodontics.

21
Periodontal dressing
  • Band-aid for the gums after perio treatment
  • Protects tissue w/ chewing
  • Support for mobile teeth
  • Holds flaps in place
  • Stay on about 1 week
  • Please reference pics in your textbook on pgs.
    525, 526, 527

22
Conclusion
  • Understanding signs and symptoms of perio is a
    very important part of your job.
  • Being able to explain different treatments and
    procedures to your patients increases your value
    to your dentist.
  • Any questions??????????
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