Textiles

1
Textiles

• Products made of cloth.
• Since the Beginning of time, people have used
  textiles to cover their bodies.

2
Fiber

• Basic unit of all textiles.
• Clothing is not the only use of textile products.
  

3
Other Uses of Textiles

• Textiles are used to make sheets, towels,
  upholstery, carpets, umbrellas, conveyor belts,
  filters, space suits, football field turf and
  even artificial hearts.

4
Natural Fibers

• Fibers made from natural sources (plant or
  animal) and changed slightly during processing.
  Cotton, wool, silk, and linen are the most common
  natural fibers.

5
In the beginning

• We know that in prehistoric times people used
  animal skins to cover their bodies. The skins
  were softened by rubbing them with stones and
  beating them with sticks. Needles were carved
  from bones and the tread was made from tendons of
  animal muscle.

6
then

• In ancient times people began wandering from
  place to place. As they met people villages were
  created. By living in one place thy had time to
  develop new skills. People found by using plant
  fibers and animal fibers they could make thread.
  Thread could then be used to make fabric.

7
Next Came the Revolution

• In colonial days families took care of there own
  clothing needs. Everything was done by hand, even
  making the fabric.
• In England in the 1700 the production of textiles
  began due to the invention of many machines

8
1700s Inventions

• 1733 John Kay Flying Shuttle
• Before this invention the shuttle was moved by
  hand. With Kays shuttle the weaver pulled a
  stick and the shuttle automatically moved across
  the loom.
• 1769-Richard Arkwright Water Frame
• It combined several hand operated devices into
  one large machine that was driven by water power.

• 1770 James Hargeaves Spinning Jenny
• Until this time yarns were spun one at a time on
  a single rod called a spindle. The Spinning Jenny
  had 8 spindles so the spinner could spin 8 yarns
  at the same time.
• 1785 Thomas Bell Cylinder Printing
• This invention allowed repetitious designs to be
  printed rapidly on cotton fabrics. Before this
  time designs were blocked on by hand.

9
Manufactured Fibers

• Fibers not found in nature
• Rayon acetate, and triacetate made from
  cellulose.
• Other manufactured fibers are made from carbon,
  oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
• Rayon was the first one made and was sold as
  artificial silk. Produced in 1910.

10
Synthetics

• Manufactured fibers, made completely of
  chemicals.
• 4 basic elements form the basis of these fibers.
• Carbon from petroleum or natural gas
• Hydrogen from water
• Nitrogen from air
• Oxygen from air

11
Textile Production

• First stage is producing the fibers.
• Second stage is spinning the fibers into yarns
• Fabric production is next. Mills weave or knit
  the yarns into fabric
• Final stage is fabric finishing. Fabrics are dyed
  or printed, and treated for performance
  characteristics.

12
Environmental Textiles

• Lyocell is a manufactured fiber made from wood
  pulp. The fiber itself is strong absorbent and
  biodegradable.
• Recycled plastic bottles are being made into
  polyester fibers.
• The American Textile Manufacturer Institute began
  a program in 1992 to encourage companies to
  become more environmentally conscious