Temperature and Heat

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CHAPTER
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Temperature and Heat
Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature
differences.
2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
2.2
Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
2.3
The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
2
2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
All particles in matter have kinetic energy.
Temperature is the measurement of the average
kinetic energy of particles in an object.
kinetic theory of matter
Temperature is commonly measured on the
Fahrenheit or Celsius scales.
temperature
degree
Particles in a warmer substance have a greater
average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler
substance.
thermometer
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kinetic theory of matter
2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
kinetic theory of matter
temperature
The energy of motion. A moving object has the
most kinetic energy at the point where it moves
the fastest.
degree
thermometer
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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temperature
2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
kinetic theory of matter
temperature
A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy
of the particles in an object.
degree
thermometer
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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degree
2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
kinetic theory of matter
temperature
Evenly divided units of a temperature scale.
degree
thermometer
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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thermometer
2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
kinetic theory of matter
temperature
A device for measuring temperature.
degree
thermometer
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
2.2
Heat is a transfer of energy from an object at
a higher temperature.
heat
Energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade
to the cold ice through heat.
thermal energy
calorie
Different materials require different amounts
of energy to change temperature.
joule
specific heat
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heat
2.2
Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
heat
thermal energy
calorie
1. The flow of energy from an object at a higher
temperature to an object at a lower temperature.
joule
specific heat
2. Energy that is transferred from a warmer
object to a cooler object.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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thermal energy
2.2
Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
heat
thermal energy
calorie
The energy an object has due to the motion of its
particles the total amount of kinetic energy of
particles in an object.
joule
specific heat
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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calorie
2.2
Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
heat
thermal energy
calorie
The amount of energy needed to increase the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius.
joule
specific heat
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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joule
2.2
Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
heat
thermal energy
calorie
A unit used to measure energy and work. One
calorie is equal to 4.18 joules of energy one
joule of work is done when a force of one newton
moves an object one meter.
joule
specific heat
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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specific heat
2.2
Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
heat
thermal energy
calorie
The amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of one gram of a substance by one
degree Celsius.
joule
specific heat
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
2.3
Energy can be transferred by conduction,
convection, and radiation.
conduction
Different materials are used to control the
transfer of energy.
conductor
insulator
convection
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
radiation
Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves
such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation
Energy transferred by direct contact
Occurs in gases and liquids
Movement of large number of particles in same
direction
Energy flows directly from warmer object to
cooler object
All objects radiate energy
Occurs due to difference in density
Can occur within one object
Can transfer energy through empty space
Cycle occurs while temperature differences
exist
Continues until object temperatures are equal
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conduction
2.3
The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
conduction
conductor
insulator
The process by which energy is transferred from a
warmer object to a cooler object by means of
physical contact.
convection
radiation
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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conductor
2.3
The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
conduction
conductor
insulator
1. A material that transfers energy easily.
convection
2. A material that transfers electric charge
easily.
radiation
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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insulator
2.3
The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
conduction
conductor
insulator
1. A material that does not transfer energy
easily.
convection
2. A material that does not transfer electric
charge easily.
radiation
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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convection
2.3
The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
conduction
conductor
insulator
A process by which energy is transferred in gases
and liquids, occurring when a warmer, less dense
area of gas or liquid is pushed up by a cooler,
more dense area of the gas or liquid.
convection
radiation
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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radiation
2.3
The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
conduction
conductor
insulator
Energy that travels across distances in the form
of electromagnetic waves.
convection
radiation
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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2.1
Temperature depends on particle movement.
I. Temperature depends on particle movement.
kinetic theory of matter
A. All matter is made of moving particles.
temperature
1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter
degree
2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy
thermometer
B. Temperature can be measured.
1. Temperature Scales
2. Thermometers
3. Thermal Expansion
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
2.2
II. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects.
heat
A. Heat is different from temperature.
thermal energy
1. Heat and Thermal Energy
calorie
2. Measuring Heat
joule
B. Some substances change temperature more easily
than others.
specific heat
1. Specific Heat
2. Specific Heat and Mass
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled.
2.3
III. The transfer of energy as heat can be
controlled.
conduction
A. Energy moves as heat in three ways.
conductor
1. Conduction
insulator
2. Convection
convection
3. Radiation
radiation
B. Different materials are used to control the
transfer of energy.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY