INTER AND SEQUENTIAL CROPPING (CROP ROTATION) IN RICE

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INTER AND SEQUENTIAL CROPPING (CROP ROTATION) IN
RICE
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RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN INDIA

• In rice growing areas several crop combinations
  (cropping systems) are in practice based on
  agro-ecological conditions, market and domestic
  needs and facilities available with farmers, some
  of the most prominent ones are being discussed
  under

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1. Mixed varietal cropping of rice  2. Intercroppi
ng rice with other crops  3. Relay
cropping  4. Sequential cropping in rice 5. Rice
under integrated farming system
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1. MIXED VARIETAL CROPPING OF RICE

• System of mixing seed of early rice (ahu) with
  late maturing deep water rice (bao) is being
  practices in West Bengal to avoid total crop loss
  at the event of flood.
• The seed of both the types of mixed in 11 ratio
  and has given higher yield than sole cropping of
  either type.

• Similarly growing of a mixture of autumn and
  winter varieties in 31 ratio in Tamil Nadu and
  Kerala is very much in practice.
• However, under normal conditions it has created
  problems in performing agricultural operations
  like harvesting, deciding fertilizer doses etc

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 2. INTERCROPPING RICE WITH OTHER CROPS

• It is a common practice under upland conditions
  in north and north-eastern part of the country to
  grow rice intercropped with black gram, green
  gram, sesame, maize, finger millet or other miner
  millets.
• The ratio of rice and inter crop is preferred to
  be 3-41.

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 3. RELAY CROPPING

• The seed of succeeding crops like lentil, gram,
  pea, lathyrus, berseem, linseed etc. is sown
  broadcast in maturing rice crop.
• This practice saves time money (to be spent on
  land preparation etc.) utilizes residual
  fertility.
• This practice is common in both upland and
  lowland rice culture.

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4. SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN RICE

• Sequential cropping refers to the crops grown as
  preceding or succeeding with rice as shown below
•    Irrigated conditions                         
             under upland
•        Rice-Rice-Rice                             
                  Rice-Chickpea
•        Rice-Rice-Cereal                           
       Rice-Lentil
•        Rice-Rice-Pulses                           
    Rice-Mustard/Linseed
•        Rice-Wheat-Pulse                           
                 Rice-Barley
•        Rice-Toria- Wheat                          
                  Rice Wheat
•        Rice Wheat                               
                    Rice Wheat
•        Rice Mustard                             
                    Rice Pea

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5. RICE UNDER INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM

• Rice-Fish-Poultry
• Rice-Fish-Duckery

• In North India where irrigation facilities exist,
  a number of cropping systems of crops involving
  rice are feasible.
• After harvest of rice, crops like potato,
  berseem, toria etc., can be sown and will fit
  very well in intensive crop rotations.
• In rainfed areas too, where the soils are well
  drained and have good moisture retention
  capacity, legume crops like chickpea, lentil
  could be grown.

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Some of the cropping systems are given below
(B) Un-irrigated Areas Rice- chickpea Rice-
lentil Rice- field pea
(A) Irrigated Areas- Rice-wheat Rice- potato-urd
(black gram) Rice- toria-wheat Rice- wheat -moong
(green gram) Rice-potato -moong (green
gram) Rice- pea (for pods) -moong (green
gram) Rice-wheat -Jute Rice- field peas
-sugarcane.
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• In case of intensive crop rotations where there
  are more than two crops in a year, a paddy
  variety of early duration should be selected.
• In South India, where the winter temperature is
  not so low, double cropping of rice is practised.
  
• In eastern India, in low-lying areas a crop of
  jute is grown followed by rice. Some of the
  cropping systems are as below
• Rice -rice-wheat
• Jute -rice-wheat
• Rice-maize-jute
• Rice- potato-jute

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 IN TAMILNADU

• The rice is cultivated for a very long time under
  wet, dry and garden land ecosystem.
• Under dry cultivation, the dry seed was sown
  either by broadcasting or dropped in lines after
  country plough.
• It was also sown as mixed crop along with red
  gram.
• This practice is still being followed in
  Ramanthapuram district.
• In Chingleput, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram the
  seeds are sown in dry conditions but subsequently
  the crop is irrigated when the tanks get filled
  up with the onset of monsoon.

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• It certain parts of North Arcot, South Arcot,
  Chingleput and Salem districts, rice is
  cultivated as a garden land crop under
  irrigation.
• Some of the rice based cropping patterns being
  followed in the in Tamil Nadu are discussed
  below-

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• Rice - Rice-Rice
• This crop rotation is most suitable for areas
  having high rainfall and assured irrigation
  facilities in summer months, particularly, in
  soils which have high water holding capacity and
  low rate of infiltration.
• In some canal irrigated areas of Tamil Nadu, a
  cropping pattern of 300 intensity is followed.
  In such areas three crops of rice are grown in a
  year.

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• Rice-Groundnut
• This cropping pattern is being followed by the
  farmers Tamil Nadu.
• After harvesting of rice crop, groundnut is grown
  in summer.
• Rice fallow cultivation
• Rice Pigeon pea
• Rice green gram (moong bean)
• Rice Black gram, urd bean
• Rice Black gram

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