Key Terms

1
Key Terms Scientific and Medical Advances

• John Dalton
• Michael Faraday
• Wilhelm Roentgen
• Marie Curie
• Charles Darwin
• Gregor Mendel
• Edward Jenner
• Louis Pasteur

• Robert Koch
• Joseph Lister
• William Morton

2
John Dalton

• Dalton ? school teacher that stated that atoms
  are the smallest parts of elements.
• Developed a system of atomic weights
• Helped lay the foundation for modern atomic theory

3
Michael Faraday

• Faraday ? demonstrated that magnetism can produce
  electricity.
• His ideas helped discover that mechanical power
  can be converted to electrical power.
• Also helped invent electric generators

4
Wilhelm Roentgen

• Roentgen ? helped discover X-rays in 1895.
• Allowed doctors to see into the body to discover
  broken bones or damaged internal organs.

5
Marie Curie

• Curie ? discovered two radioactive elements,
  radium and polonium.
• Also helped to discover how to find new elements.
• Both elements she discovered are used in nuclear
  research.

6
Charles Darwin

• Darwin ? helped derive the theory of evolution
  the idea that man developed from apes.
• Posited that different organisms have to adapt
  over time to be able to survive and reproduce.
• Those that manage to survive are considered to be
  naturally selected to survive due to their
  traits.
• Broken into three parts adaptation, competition,
  and natural selection

7
Gregor Mendel

• Mendel ? helped discover the field of genetics.
• Experimented with pea plants to figure out which
  traits are passed down and which ones are not.

8
Edward Jenner

• Jenner ? introduced the practice of vaccination.
• Figured out that if a patient is given a small
  amount of a virus, the patient will develop
  antibodies with which to fight the disease
  without contracting it.

9
Louis Pasteur

• Pasteur ? discovered how to remove bacteria from
  different liquids.
• Discovered that heating materials will kill
  bacteria within it ? pasteurization
• Helped explain why immunization works.

10
Robert Koch

• Koch ? helped discover how germs cause diseases.
• Discovered what causes tuberculosis.
• Developed a method of how to culture bacteria.

11
Joseph Lister and William Morton

• - Lister ? known for using antiseptics in
  hospitals.
• - using Pasteur's knowledge about germs and their
  origins, Lister would use strong chemicals to
  kill bacteria in operating rooms.
• - antiseptics, as they would later be called,
  prevented the spread of infection within
  hospitals.
• - Morton ? known for his experimentation with
  anesthetics.
• - experimented with the use of ether as a means
  of dulling pain during surgery.
• - the use of this anesthetic made it easier for
  patients to go through surgery and also speed up
  their recovery times.