The%20Fur%20Trade%20in%20Canada

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The Fur Trade in Canada

• We were Caesers, being no one to contradict us
• Pierre-Esprit Radisso
• Translation We were the kings and our kingdom
  was the wilderness

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Hudsons Bay Company

• - The Flag of the Hudsons Bay Company (HBC)
• - Founded in 1670 by King Charles II

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Fort Vancouver established by the Hudson Bay
Company
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The Mighty York Boat
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HBC Main Points

• British company founded 1670 by a Royal Charter
  signed by King Charles II
• Stay at the Bay policy with Native trappers
  coming to them with furs
• Very Hierarchical (like the military, rank was
  very important)
• Controlled and traded in an area roughly 1/3 the
  size of modern Canada.
• All employees made a salary (no sharing in
  profits or losses)
• Main fort was York Factory

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Map of Ruperts Land
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The Fight is On!!!

• Challenge to the HBC domination of the fur trade
  in Canada.
• Enter the North West Company

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The North West Company

• 1783 several companies trading furs merged into
  the North West Company
• Although owned by English Canadians, French
  traders were employed.
• Workers shared in the profits or losses of the
  company.
• Origin of Métis (French First Nation).
• Based in Montreal and traded throughout the North
  West.

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The NWC CanoesFur Trade
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North West Company

• Much less hierarchical or top-down than the
  HBC.
• The Montreal partners stayed in Montreal and
  traded the furs to London
• The wintering partners stayed in the North West
  and did the actual trading and trapping.
• They were partners, not employees and thus
  shared in the profits the NWC made.

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1820 Trading Coin
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Map of NWC Trading Area
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EXPLORERS
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Captain James Cook

• Born in England
• Explored New Zealand,
• Australia, Hawaii and the west
• Coast of North America
• (Vancouver Island)
• - Was killed in Hawaii

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Captain George Vancouver

• Born in England
• Captain in the British Navy
• Explored and mapped a lot
• of the Pacific West Coast
• (British Columbia, Alaska,
• Oregon Washington State)

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Alexander Mackenzie

• Born in Scotland
• Family moved to
• America, but then
• moved to Montreal
• during the American
• Revolution
• - Completed the first transcontinental crossing
  of North America when he made it to the Pacific
  Ocean for the North West Company

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Simon Fraser

• Born in America
• Father died in the
• American Revolution
• Raised in Quebec
• Worked in the North
• West Company
• - Explored much of BC

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David Thompson

• Born in England
• He mapped around 2 million
• square km of western North
• America
• - He worked for both the Hudson Bay and the North
  West Company
• Was an English Canadian fur
• trader, map maker and explorer
• - Married to a Cree wife for 58 years and had 13
  kids