Title: Obstetrics
1Obstetrics
2Definition of Obstetrics
- Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant
woman during pregnancy, child birth and period
following birth
3Word Parts
Word root Combining form Meaning
Obstetric Obstetr/ic midwife
4Semen
- Mixture of sperm secretions in seminal vesicles
- Insemination deposit of semen in the female
reproductive tract
5Artificial Insemination
- Semen is inserted into uterus via a cannula
instead of coitus - AI (AIH) by husband
- AI (AID) by donor
6Word parts
Word root Combining form Meaning
Semin semin/ i liquid secretion of the testicles and glands
Sperm sperm/o, spermat/o, sprem/i sperm cells or spermatozoa, ejaculated from the male Act 1
7Fertilisation
- Is the union of sperm and ovum
- Fertilised ovum is called zygote
- Zygote travels down fallopian tube to endometrium
where it implants itself
8Foetus development
- Embryo developing human during first 2
- months
- - embryonic membranes form
- which protect nourish
- the embryo
- Foetus developing human after the
- second month
- - amniotic membrane forms
surrounds foetus - and is filled with amniotic
fluid - - amniotic fluid is a shock
absorber for the foetus
9Placenta
- Develops between the embryo and endometrium
- Exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and
foetus - Also secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy
10Word parts
Word root Combining form Meaning
Foet Foet/o an unborn baby
Placent Placent/o flat cake
11Terms related to placenta
- Adherent placenta placenta is fused to uterine
wall - Retained placenta placenta is not expelled
- Placenta praevia placenta forms abnormally in
lower part of uterus over the internal opening
of the cervix
Act 3
12Umbilical cord
- Connects foetus to placenta
- Transports blood and nutrients to the foetus
13Gestation
- Period of time embryo and foetus is carried in
uterus - Usually 280 days
14Word parts
Word root Combining form Meaning
Gravida -gravida relates to pregnancies
Para -para number of previous pregnancies resulting in a live infant
Toc toc/o, -tocia birth, labour
Nat nat/o birth
15Antenatal
- Period from conception to birth
- 3 trimesters 3 months each
16Labour and Delivery
- Parturition refers to birth
- Labour is period preceding birth
- Uterine contractions are called eutocia
- Syntoconon is a drug to induce uterine
contractions
17Stages of labour
- Dilation onset of labour to full dilation of 10
cm - Expulsion full dilation to delivery
- Placental delivery of placenta and occurs a
- few minutes after birth
18Foetus during labour
- Lies in a lateral position in uterus
- Engagement when head moves down into cervix
- Presentation part of foetus that is touched by
examining finger through the cervix
19Puerperium
- Period 6 8 weeks following birth
- Reproductive system reverts to pre pregnant state
20Definitions
- Post partum haemorrhage excessive bleeding from
birth canal - Eclampsia sudden convulsion due to toxaemia of
pregnancy - Stillbirth foetus is born dead
- Congenital present at time of birth
- Caesarian section delivery by surgical excision
into abdominal wall - Forceps surgical instruments used to help
delivery Act 4
21Mammary Glands
- Function is milk secretion i.e. lactation
- Ducts convey milk from lobes to the exterior
- The circular pigmented area surrounding the
nipple is known as the areola
22Word parts
Word root Combining form Meaning
Mast mast/o breast
Mamm mamm/o breast
Lact lact/o, lact/i milk
Galact galact/o milk
23Abbreviations
ARM Artificial Rupture of Membranes
CTG cardiotocograph
DOB date of birth
EDC/D estimated date of confinement / delivery
EDD estimated date of delivery
EP ectopic pregnancy
FDIU foetal distress in utero
FECG foetal electrocardiograph
24Abbreviations
FHR foetal heart rate
HDN haemolytic disease of the newborn
IUD intrauterine device
LSCS lower section caesarian section
NB newborn
PET pre- eclamptic toxaemia
PPH postpartum haemorrhage
PROM premature rupture of membranes
PV per vagina
25Abbreviations
Apgar score method of assessing general state of baby at birth.Appearance (colour) Pulse(heart rate) Grimace( response to slap) Respiration (breathing)
epesi/o pubic region,vulvo
gravida a pregnant woman
multigravida at least 2 pregnancies
multipara given birth to 2 or more children
nulligravida having never been pregnant
para to bear
primigravida first pregnancy
primipara first delivery
26Miscarriage
- Expulsion of products of conception before 20
weeks
27Conditions and Terms
cervical incompetence abnormal weakness of the cervix can lead to recurrent miscarriages
ectopic pregnancy pregnancy outside of uterus usually in fallopian tubes
placenta praevia placenta situated near the cervix
pre - eclampsia condition in which hypertension, oedema, and proteinuria developing during 2nd half of pregnancy