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Developments and Trends in the LMS and Discovery Arenas

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Title: Developments and Trends in the LMS and Discovery Arenas


1
Developments and Trends in the LMS and Discovery
Arenas
Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative
Technology and Research Vanderbilt University
Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology
Guides http//www.librarytechnology.org/ http//tw
itter.com/mbreeding
26 August 2010 Stockholm
Program on National Infrastructure
2
Seminar Goal
  • The aim of the seminar is to create an
    understanding of the infrastructural challenges
    and to contribute to a plan of action for the
    future.
  • Library Directors and System managers will
    discuss different solutions of availability and
    management of e- resources in order to make
    strategic choices for the development of the
    infrastructure at a national level.

3
Presentation Themes
  • Trends and recent developments in the library
    system market,
  • resource discovery services and resource
    management as indexing/knowledge bases
  • Creation and management of data wells for
    metadata
  • Ongoing discussion regarding options for building
    data wells in-house, open source or partnering
    with commercial actors.

4
Summary
  • development and trends in the library system
    market, regarding resource discovery services and
    resource management as indexing/knowledge bases.
    If I should emphasize something special, it is
    the question of data wells for metadata. We have
    been investigating the data well question in a
    report (plesase see below, Summary in English)
    and there is a discussion about building data
    wells in-house, open source or with commercial
    actors. We have also invited three commercial
    actors to the seminar. Not an easy
    question!Related is also the topic of the
    national catalogue LIBRIS as a local OPAC for the
    libraries. How can Libris work as, not only the
    national catalogue, but also as a local OPAC? The
    third topic is the future for ExLibris,
    Metalib/SFX in Sweden. Were happy with SFX, but
    not with Metalib/federated search, how to
    continue? But the main focus at the seminar will
    be resource management/data well, although Libris
    and Metalib/SFX questions need to be included in
    the discussions.   

5
Basic Discovery Concepts
6
Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the
Web
  • Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver
    content to library patrons
  • Google Search / Google Scholar
  • Amazon.com
  • Wikipedia
  • Ask.com

7
User expectations
8
Evolution of library collection discovery tools
  • Bound handwritten catalogs
  • Card Catalogs
  • Library online catalogs OPACs
  • Next-Gen Catalogs / Discovery interfaces
  • Web-scale discovery services

9
Bound Catalog
10
Card Catalog
11
Online Card Catalog
12
Web-based online catalog
13
Next-generation Catalog
14
Next-generation Catalog
15
Modernized Interface
  • Single search box
  • Query tools
  • Did you mean
  • Type-ahead
  • Relevance ranked results
  • Faceted navigation
  • Enhanced visual displays
  • Cover art
  • Summaries, reviews,
  • Recommendation services

16
Web site as menu of search options
17
Disjointed approach to information and service
delivery
  • Silos Prevail
  • Books Library OPAC (ILS module)
  • Articles Aggregated content products, e-journal
    collections
  • OpenURL linking services
  • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link
    resolver)
  • Local digital collections
  • ETDs, photos, rich media collections
  • Metasearch engines
  • All searched separately

18
Lack of unified Web presence
  • Users dont understand the distinctions we make
  • Catalog?
  • Articles and Databases?
  • Digital Library?
  • Search our Site?
  • Search interfaces based on content formats or
    management applications
  • Non-library Web sites are much more unified

19
A simple vision
  • A single point of entry to all the content and
    services offered by the library
  • but with precision, nuanced sophistication, and
    multiple dimensions

20
(No Transcript)
21
Web-scale discovery
22
Online Catalog vs. Discovery Layer
  • Online Catalog
  • Interface conventions from an earlier Web era
  • Scope Tied to the ILS and its content domain
  • Discovery Layer
  • Modern interface elements
  • Scope aims to address broad range of components
    that constitute library collections

23
Discovery Products
http//www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl
24
Decoupled from ILS
25
Social discovery
  • Tags, user-supplied ratings and reviews
  • Leverage social networking interactions to assist
    readers in identifying interesting materials
    BiblioCommons
  • Leverage use data for a recommendation service of
    scholarly content based on link resolver data Ex
    Libris bX service

26
Deep indexing
  • Metadata can no longer serve as the only basis
    for discovery
  • Increasing opportunities to search the full
    contents
  • Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open
    Content Alliance, government publications, etc.
  • High-quality metadata will improve search
    precision
  • Commercial search providers already offer search
    inside the book and searching across the full
    text of large book collections
  • Important transition to full-text book search
    beginning in library projects
  • HathiTrust indexing 6 million volumes
  • Must become a routine component of library
    discovery
  • Deep search highly improved by high-quality
    metadata

27
Discovery product Trend
  • Initial products focused on technology
  • AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VUfind
  • Mostly locally-installed software
  • Current phase focused on integrated access to
    both local content and remote articles to deliver
    Web-scale discovery. Examples
  • Summon (Serials Solutions)
  • WorldCat Local (OCLC)
  • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)
  • Primo Central
  • Encore Synergy

28
Beyond Federated search
  • Federated Search / Metasearch use real-time
    queries against multiple information targets
  • No centralized index presentation of dynamic
    results
  • Shallow results -- only a few results initially
    fetched from each target
  • Difficult to calculate relevancy
  • Performance challenges

29
Beyond local discovery interfaces
  • Pre-populated indexes
  • Web-scale
  • Exploits the full depth and breadth of library
    collections
  • Beyond the bounds of the local librarys
    collection
  • Targets the universe of objective, vetted library
    content

30
Pre-populated discovery services
  • New-generation interface
  • Harvested local content
  • ILS metadata
  • Institutional repositories, ETDs, Digital
    Collection platforms
  • Vendor-supplied indexes of library content
  • E-journals, databases, e-books
  • Full-text and metadata corresponding to e-content
    subscriptions
  • Book collections beyond local library collections
  • Includes full-text indexing to the fullest extent
    possible

31
Online Catalog
ILS Data
Search Results
32
Federated Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
Search Results
EBSCOhost

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
33
Discovery Interface
ILS Data
Digital Collections
Local Index
ProQuest
Search Results
EBSCOhost
MetaSearch Engine

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
34
Web-scale Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
Search Results
Consolidated Index

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
35
Web-scale Search Federated Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest

Consolidated Index
Search Results
MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
FedSearch
Non-harvestable Resources
36
Discovery ? Delivery
  • Discovered content delivered through original
    repositories
  • Publisher agreements generally preclude exposing
    content for direct access
  • Should necessarily circumvent core role of
    publisher

37
Benefits
  • Libraries increased access to high-cost
    electronic content
  • Users Easer access to research resources
  • Publishers Increased impact of content products
  • IT perspective advance harvesting makes more
    efficient use of resources than simultaneous
    real-time queries

38
Toward a Large-scale National Discovery
environment
39
Obstacles and Challenges
  • Scaleable technology platform
  • Acceptable relevancy-based retrieval for large
    heterogeneous collections
  • Acquisition of data and metadata for aggregated
    index

40
Opportunities
  • Climate more favorable to harvesting e-content
    for indexing
  • Highly scaleable, open source tools for discovery
    infrastructure
  • Lucene
  • SOLR
  • Many ongoing synergistic projects as possible
    collaborative partners

41
Potential Commercial Partners
  • Three commercial organizations will participate
    in the seminar
  • Ex Libris
  • Serials Solutions
  • EBSCO
  • Each has negotiated access to commercial content
    products
  • Paved the way for library driven projects

42
Other similar projects
43
Summa
  • State and University Library of Denmark
  • Locally built integrated search
  • Catalogs articles
  • Failed to receive EU funding due to lack of
    guarantees to receive article data from
    publishers
  • Now Partnering with Serials Solution to use
    article index from Summon via API

44
Trove
  • National Library of Australia
  • Previously called Single Business Discovery
    Project
  • Brings together many previously separate
    discovery systems
  • Built in-house at NLA
  • Prototype released May 2009
  • Includes some full-text as well as metadata
  • Technology Java, Lucene, SOLR, MySQL
  • Details http//www.nla.gov.au/pub/gateways/issue
    s/101/story01.html

45
What about OCLC?
  • WorldCat ever expanding repository of metadata
  • Books mostly, increasing article metadata
  • Focused on expanding WorldCat for broad discovery
  • ArticleFirst 23 million records
  • April 2009 agreement with EBSCO for article
    metadata (withdrawn?).
  • Quantity of article metadata apparently not on
    track to attain the same level of
    comprehensiveness as seen in Summon, EDS, Primo
    Central

46
Developing the Data Well / Aggregated index
  • Aggregation of metadata and content
  • Normalization map metadata to make indexing,
    facets, and presentation meaningful
  • De-duplication of records within and between
    content sources
  • FRBR Collapsible groupings according to FRBR
    concepts
  • work expression -- manifestation item

47
Content sources populating the Aggregated Index
  • Article metadata and full text
  • Index views according to profile
  • Coordinated with local OpenURL knowledge bases
  • Digital Collections
  • LMS Metadata
  • Books, Microfilm, periodical titles, DVD, etc
  • Blending of vendor provided metadata and locally
    managed unique content
  • At the cusp of being able to represent library
    collections comprehensively

48
Acquiring content for Aggregated Index
  • Agreements with publishers and providers of
    article content to libraries
  • Open access content
  • Any OAI target
  • Local digital collections
  • Relevant library catalog data
  • OK with OCLC record use policies when aggregated
    at a national level?

49
Data Well Construction
  • Technical
  • Assembling technologies of adequate scale and
    capacity
  • Indexing, Search and retrieval
  • Normalizing
  • Business / Political
  • Agreements with commercial publisher to provide
    metadata or content
  • Increasing expectation from libraries to allow
    harvesting for discovery
  • (Similar to COUNTER compliance, OpenURL support)
  • Improved performance at delivering library end
    users to publisher content

50
Relationship with OpenURL Knowledgebase
  • The aggregation of article-level citations and
    content relates to journal title-level profile
    and availability data in the OpenURL
    knowledgebase
  • Important source of profiling needed to deliver
    appropriate views of the index for different
    libraries.

51
A labor-intensive project
  • Business process
  • Develop relationships with providers and
    publishers
  • Construct contracts and licenses
  • Technical
  • Create import process for each source
  • Normalization, Mapping, de-duplication, FRBR
    groupings
  • Initial load constant incremental updates
  • Creation of highly scalable indexing and
    retrieval platform
  • Must scale up to 1 billion articles
  • Develop algorithms and tunings for appropriate
    relevancy rankings
  • Interface design

52
Building Expectations for Article Discovery
  • Libraries should require agreements for
    harvesting as part of content licensing process
  • Library licenses have led to broad support for
  • COUNTER
  • SUSHI
  • OpenURL Linking

53
Beyond Metadata
  • Increasing expectation for full-text indexing
  • Capacity present in e-journals for many years
  • Full-text book indexing more problematic
  • Much full text not available
  • Complex to index

54
Heterogeneous index
  • Books mere millions
  • Articles many hundreds of millions
  • Digital objects many hundreds of millions

55
How to deal with non-harvestable resources
  • Metasearch?
  • Resource recommendation service
  • Database spotlighting

56
Positioning of Discovery vs native Interfaces
  • Current generation of discovery interfaces lack
    important features
  • Service delivery (items borrowed, renewals, fee
    payments, etc)
  • Browse and other advanced search or retrieval
    features
  • Many libraries use native Web-based catalog to
    supplement
  • Native interfaces of major information products
    appeal to discipline specialists

57
Content Services
  • Must go beyond discovery to fulfillment
  • Further integration of user services features
    into discovery interface
  • Increased resource sharing capabilities

58
LIBRIS
  • National Union Catalog gt
  • Local catalog?
  • Local LMS?

59
LMS deployments in Sweden -- Academic
60
LMS deployments in Sweden -- Public
61
Mobile
  • The next new front for Library Discovery

62
Relevant Technology Trends
63
Service-oriented architecture
  • Key technology for interoperability among diverse
    software applications
  • New applications built with SOA throughout
  • Legacy applications with a services layer

64
Aggregating data and metadata
  • Open source
  • Commercial partnerships

65
Mobile access to library content and services
  • New opportunity to retain and attract library
    users
  • Mobile web and apps
  • Working toward a unified Mobile library presence
  • Unify disjointed mobile silos the same ambitions
    as we have for our the Web

66
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