Introduction to Statistics

1
Introduction to Statistics

• Mr. Joseph Najuch

Introduction to statistical concepts including
descriptive statistics, basic probability rules,
conditional probability, probability
distributions, estimation of parameters,
hypothesis testing using one or two samples,
correlation and regression. Computer applications
and simulations are done using MS EXCEL and TI-84
Graphing Calculators.
2
In your own words..

• Define what you believe statistics means

3
Why study statistics?

• Understanding statistics will
• Provide tools to analyze media reports
• - Presidential approval rating
• Help make investment decisions
• 1 year vs. 5 year performance
• Conduct research on major purchases
• Consumer Reports on Dyson vacuum
• Do your own research and make conclusions

4
"Who do you think has the better ideas
forstrengthening the nation's economy Barack
Obama or John McCain?"

• Obama 45
• McCain 28
• Both Equally 8
• Neither 11
• Unsure 8

• Info from
• Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg Poll.
• Aug. 15-18, 2008. N1,248 registered
• voters nationwide.
• MoE 3.

5
Definitions

• Statistics is the science of collecting,
  organizing, summarizing, and analyzing
  information to draw conclusions or answer
  questions.
• Data are a fact or information coming from
  observations or counts, used to draw a conclusion
  or make a decision. It can be numerical or
  non-numerical.

6
Definitions

• Population the group being studied (N)
• Sample a subset of the population (n)
• Descriptive Statistics organizing and
  summarizing the information collected
• (describe information in the form of charts,
  graphs, ect.)
• Inferential statistics takes the results from
  the sample and extends to the whole population

7
Definitions

• Qualitative Data Deals with descriptions.
• Data can be observed but not measured.
• Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance,
  beauty, etc.
• Qualitative ? Quality
• Quantitative Data Deals with numbers.
• Data which can be measured.
• Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed,
  time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost,
  members, ages,
• Quantitative ? Quantity 

8
(No Transcript)
9
Data Classification (Types)

• There are four Levels of Measurement
• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio
• Be sure to understand the difference between
  each. (p. 14)