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High Middle Ages

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High Middle Ages Mr. Stikes SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. b. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: High Middle Ages


1
High Middle Ages
  • Mr. Stikes

2
  • SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
    society with regard to culture, politics,
    society, and economics.
  • b. Describe the political impact of Christianity
    include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of
    Germany (Holy Roman Emperor).

3
Important Figures
  • Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) - Pope
  • King Henry IV (1056-1106)
  • King of Holy Roman Empire

4
The Church and Politics
  • How did the church influence politics? Best
    example
  • Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
  • Lay Investiture Lay (non-church) leaders kings
    wanted to appoint clergy (church) leaders
    bishops

5
Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
  • Pope Gregory VII bans lay investiture (meaning on
    he could appoint bishops) King Henry IV of Holy
    Roman Empire does not want to give up this power

6
Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
  • Gregory VII threatens to excommunicate Henry.
    Henry tried to depose the pope (take him out of
    office)
  • Pope tells Henrys vassals they no longer have to
    listen to him
  • Henrys lords rebel defeat him at Canossa
    (1077)

7
Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
  • Ends with Concordat of Worms (1122)
  • Emperor lost the right to appoint bishops while
    retaining the right to grant them land and
    secular political power
  • Long Term Results
  • Political destabilization in central Europe until
    1870s
  • Germany and Italy not unified, unlike France and
    England

8
Height of Medieval Papal Power
  • Innocent III (1198-1216)
  • Goal unite all of Christendom under papal rule
    to able to bring right order to the world
  • How? Crusades against heretics and to the Middle
    East

9
  • SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
    society with regard to culture, politics,
    society, and economics.
  • c. Explain the role of the church in medieval
    society.

10
The Role of the Church
  • Christians throughout Western Europe recognized
    the Pope as the supreme spiritual leader.
  • Pope could provide legitimacy to a leader
  • ex. crowning of Charlemagne
  • In return, leaders provided military support
  • ex. - Donation of Pepin Holy Roman Empire will
    protect Rome

11
  • So Secular leaders provided military strength
  • in exchange for
  • Recognition of Papal (i.e. Gods)
    support

12
Problems in Europe
  • 9th and 10th centuries Viking invasions leaves a
    power vacuum the Church is the sole unified
    power throughout Europe

13
Problems in Europe
  • Problems with the church
  • Illiterate parish priests
  • Bishops appointed by kings often immoral

14
Reforms in Europe
  • Monasticism
  • Tradition of Christians living outside the world
    began in Egypt (hermits)
  • Gradually, monasteries developed.
  • Important
  • Monasteries Cluny
  • Orders Franciscans, Dominicans
  • Reformers Francis of Assisi - (1182- 1226)
    preached a life of total poverty, charity and
    good works, and love for all became one of the
    largest and most powerful of the monastic orders

15
Reforms in Europe
  • Inquisition
  • Founded by Pope Gregory IX in 1232 to root out
    heresy became misused
  • Popular Movements
  • Albigensians who rejected the leadership of the
    Church and marriage, all forms of materialism,
    and cooperation with the state
  • Waldensians founded by Peter Waldo, who preached
    poverty, a strict moral life, and the use of the
    vernacular language

16
  • SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
    society with regard to culture, politics,
    society, and economics.
  • d. Describe how increasing trade led to the
    growth of towns and cities.

17
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Agriculture increased
  • Reasons
  • End of invasions from Eastern Europe/Asia
  • Cultivation/clearing of new land
  • Spread of new techniques and technology (crop
    rotation, metal plow, horse collar)
  • Use of wind and water mills to provide power

18
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Increase in food
  • Population growth
  • Revival of trade, rise of towns

(remember, excess food usually leads to
technological innovation)
19
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Revival of trade
  • Reasons
  • Surplus food allows for specialization
  • Crusades encourage trade from Italy to Middle
    East/Constantinople
  • Cities like Pisa, Genoa, Milan and Venice take
    lead
  • Europeans want luxury goods like spices, silks
  • Stable government in Kievan Rus
    (Russiaremember?) allows for trade to N. Europe
  • Sea trade via Baltic Sea, rivers, Black Sea

20
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Revival of trade
  • Results
  • Rise of money economy in Europe (Why?)
  • Beginning of banking system

21
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Rise of cities
  • Reasons
  • Excess food supplies
  • Increased Trade

22
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Rise of cities
  • Results
  • Rise of a middle class
  • Had no place in feudal system
  • Master artisans, merchants
  • Belief in individual initiative
  • Began to demand role in government

23
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Rise of cities
  • Results
  • Rise of Guilds
  • Guild medieval business association of
    merchants or crafts workers
  • Purpose control price, quality
  • Levels of skill apprentice, journeyman, master

24
High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
  • Rise of cities
  • Results
  • Freedom
  • Outside feudal system, serfs could become free
    and advance in cities
  • Money allowed large building projects and
    provided protection

25
Assignment
  • Create a study guide including the following
  • Crusades Why do they matter?
  • Gregory VII
  • Henry IV (HRE)
  • Lay Investiture
  • Concordat of Worms
  • Relationship between church and politics
  • 2 Problems with the Medieval church
  • 3 Reforms of the Medieval church
  • How agriculture revived trade, which in turn led
    to the rise of cities.
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