Title: High Middle Ages
1High Middle Ages
2- SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
society with regard to culture, politics,
society, and economics. - b. Describe the political impact of Christianity
include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of
Germany (Holy Roman Emperor).
3Important Figures
- Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) - Pope
- King Henry IV (1056-1106)
- King of Holy Roman Empire
4The Church and Politics
- How did the church influence politics? Best
example - Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
- Lay Investiture Lay (non-church) leaders kings
wanted to appoint clergy (church) leaders
bishops
5Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
- Pope Gregory VII bans lay investiture (meaning on
he could appoint bishops) King Henry IV of Holy
Roman Empire does not want to give up this power
6Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
- Gregory VII threatens to excommunicate Henry.
Henry tried to depose the pope (take him out of
office) - Pope tells Henrys vassals they no longer have to
listen to him - Henrys lords rebel defeat him at Canossa
(1077)
7Lay Investiture Controversy (1074-1122)
- Ends with Concordat of Worms (1122)
- Emperor lost the right to appoint bishops while
retaining the right to grant them land and
secular political power - Long Term Results
- Political destabilization in central Europe until
1870s - Germany and Italy not unified, unlike France and
England
8Height of Medieval Papal Power
- Innocent III (1198-1216)
- Goal unite all of Christendom under papal rule
to able to bring right order to the world - How? Crusades against heretics and to the Middle
East
9- SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
society with regard to culture, politics,
society, and economics. - c. Explain the role of the church in medieval
society.
10The Role of the Church
- Christians throughout Western Europe recognized
the Pope as the supreme spiritual leader. - Pope could provide legitimacy to a leader
- ex. crowning of Charlemagne
- In return, leaders provided military support
- ex. - Donation of Pepin Holy Roman Empire will
protect Rome
11- So Secular leaders provided military strength
-
- in exchange for
- Recognition of Papal (i.e. Gods)
support
12Problems in Europe
- 9th and 10th centuries Viking invasions leaves a
power vacuum the Church is the sole unified
power throughout Europe
13Problems in Europe
- Problems with the church
- Illiterate parish priests
- Bishops appointed by kings often immoral
14Reforms in Europe
- Monasticism
- Tradition of Christians living outside the world
began in Egypt (hermits) - Gradually, monasteries developed.
- Important
- Monasteries Cluny
- Orders Franciscans, Dominicans
- Reformers Francis of Assisi - (1182- 1226)
preached a life of total poverty, charity and
good works, and love for all became one of the
largest and most powerful of the monastic orders
15Reforms in Europe
- Inquisition
- Founded by Pope Gregory IX in 1232 to root out
heresy became misused - Popular Movements
- Albigensians who rejected the leadership of the
Church and marriage, all forms of materialism,
and cooperation with the state - Waldensians founded by Peter Waldo, who preached
poverty, a strict moral life, and the use of the
vernacular language
16- SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
society with regard to culture, politics,
society, and economics. - d. Describe how increasing trade led to the
growth of towns and cities.
17High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Agriculture increased
- Reasons
- End of invasions from Eastern Europe/Asia
- Cultivation/clearing of new land
- Spread of new techniques and technology (crop
rotation, metal plow, horse collar) - Use of wind and water mills to provide power
18High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Increase in food
- Population growth
- Revival of trade, rise of towns
(remember, excess food usually leads to
technological innovation)
19High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Revival of trade
- Reasons
- Surplus food allows for specialization
- Crusades encourage trade from Italy to Middle
East/Constantinople - Cities like Pisa, Genoa, Milan and Venice take
lead - Europeans want luxury goods like spices, silks
- Stable government in Kievan Rus
(Russiaremember?) allows for trade to N. Europe - Sea trade via Baltic Sea, rivers, Black Sea
20High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Revival of trade
- Results
- Rise of money economy in Europe (Why?)
- Beginning of banking system
21High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Rise of cities
- Reasons
- Excess food supplies
- Increased Trade
22High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Rise of cities
- Results
- Rise of a middle class
- Had no place in feudal system
- Master artisans, merchants
- Belief in individual initiative
- Began to demand role in government
23High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Rise of cities
- Results
- Rise of Guilds
- Guild medieval business association of
merchants or crafts workers - Purpose control price, quality
- Levels of skill apprentice, journeyman, master
24High Middle Ages in Europe A.D.
1050-1300
- Rise of cities
- Results
- Freedom
- Outside feudal system, serfs could become free
and advance in cities - Money allowed large building projects and
provided protection
25Assignment
- Create a study guide including the following
- Crusades Why do they matter?
- Gregory VII
- Henry IV (HRE)
- Lay Investiture
- Concordat of Worms
- Relationship between church and politics
- 2 Problems with the Medieval church
- 3 Reforms of the Medieval church
- How agriculture revived trade, which in turn led
to the rise of cities.