A Clash of Values

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A Clash of Values

• Chapter 20, section 1

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Nativism

• The 1920s opened with an economic recession,
  influx of immigrants, and racial and cultural
  tensions
• Triggered a rise in racism and nativism

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Nativism

• Immigration dropped during WWI, but sharply rose
  again after the war
• Majority of immigration came from southern and
  eastern Europe

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Nativism

• Many Americans viewed immigration as a threat to
  stability and order

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Sacco and Vanzetti Case

• Exemplified prejudices and fears of the 1920s
• Two Italian immigrants executed for a murder in
  which there was no real evidence against them

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KKK

• Revival of the KKK during the 1920s
• Targeted groups that threatened un-American
  values
• Spread to Northern cities, grew to over 4 million
  by 1924
• Began to decline due to scandals involving Klan
  leaders

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Controlling Immigration

• After WWI, American policies changed in response
  to the recession and nativist pleas
• 1921---President Harding signed Emergency Quota
  Act, established a temporary quota system
  limiting immigration
• Discriminated against southern and eastern Europe

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Controlling Immigration

• National Origins Act of 1924 made immigration
  restriction a permanent policy
• Limited immigration to 150,000 a year
• Discrimination against southern and eastern
  Europe was strengthened

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Controlling Immigration

• National Origins Act of 1924 exempted nations in
  the Western Hemisphere
• Demand for labor in California contributed to a
  large wave of immigrants from Mexico

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The New Morality

• Many groups that wanted to restrict immigration
  also wanted to preserve traditional values
• They feared a new morality was taking over the
  nation that glorified personal freedom and free
  thinking

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The New Morality

• Challenges---
• 1. Women in the workforce and college
• 2. Automobile

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Women in the 1920s

• Fashion changed in the 1920s
• Women shortened their hair and wore shorter
  clothes
• The flapper became the symbol of the American
  woman of the 1920s, although represented only a
  small number

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The Fundamentalist Movement

• Religious movement that started due to fear of
  the new morality that was sweeping the nation
• Billy Sunday was the leading evangelical preacher
  of the 1920s

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The Fundamentalist Movement

• Fundamentalist believed
• 1. Bible was true and without error
• 2. Darwins theory of evolution was not true
• 3. In creationism

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The Scopes Trial

• Historic court case where evolutionists and
  creationists will clash
• Also referred to as The Monkey Trial

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The Scopes Trial

• Fundamentalists successful in passing laws that
  outlawed the teaching of evolution in schools
• John T. Scopes a biology teacher in Dayton,
  Tennessee will teach evolution and be arrested

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The Scopes Trial

• Scopes set to go on trial in summer of 1925
• Turns into a media circus
• William Jennings Bryan will be the prosecutor and
  represented the creationists

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The Scopes Trial

• Clarence Darrow, an atheist and one of the
  countrys most celebrated lawyers, will defend
  Scopes

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The Scopes Trial

• Parts of the trial broadcasted over the radio
• After eight days of trial, Scopes found guilty
  and fined 100

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The Scopes Trial

• Fundamentalist causes severely hurt though by
  Darrows cross-examination of Bryan

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Prohibition

• Fundamentalists able to get support for
  prohibition with passage of 18th Amendment
• Prohibition lasts 1920-1933

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Prohibition

• During the 1920s, many Americans ignored the laws
• People flocked to speakeasies
• Organized crime developed in America centered
  around bootlegging

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Prohibition

• Gangsters had enough money to corrupt local
  politicians and judges
• Al Capone was the most successful and violent
  gangster
• 21st Amendment passed in 1933 to repeal the 18th