Feudalism

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Feudalism

• Japan Europe Comparison

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Heian Japan

• The Emperor became a symbolic ruler
• Heian aristocrats ruled through political stealth
  artistic style
• Japan became a hotpot of double-dealing and
  intrigue

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Heian Period Cultural Borrowing and
Flowering (pre feudalism)

• Chinese religion, philosophy and language greatly
  impacted early Japanese society. The lower
  classes were more in favor of borrowing from the
  Chinese than were the upper classes.

1. Chinese writing.
2. Chinese artistic styles.
3. Buddhism in the form of ZEN.
4. BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! ?

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Tea ceremonies flowers!

• Tea Ceremony was part of Wabi, meaning quiet or
  sober refinement, or subdued taste
• Began with Zen Buddhists

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Lady Murasaki Shikibu
The Tale of Genji perhaps the worlds first novel
She contributed much to the Japanese script known
as katakana, while men wrote with Chinese
characters, kanji.
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Noh plays

• Noh plays were religious, historical and
  romantic.
• They had male actors and a chorus.

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Zen Buddhism

• A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of
  Buddhism, which came from India through China.
• It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and
  self-discipline.
• Inspired art drama

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Development of feudalism (Europe and Japan)

• What is Feudalism?
• A decentralized social and political order
  formed for reasons of protection.
• Feudalism is defined by land ownership

Serfs in Europe paying their lord.
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Origins of European Feudalism

• After fall of Roman Empire no unifying force
• Kings are unable to defend their lands, lands of
  their nobles
• Nobles had to find way to defend own lands

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Origins of European Feudalism Charles
Martel(Charles the Hammer)

• French King - won the Battle of Tours in 732,
  -saved Europe from the Islamic expansionism that
  had conquered Iberia.
• Brilliant general, -forefather of western heavy
  cavalry, chivalry, founder of the Carolingian
  Empire (named after him), catalyst for the feudal
  system

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Charles Martel and the Franks defeat the Arab
Invaders at Poitiers
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Origins of European Feudalism Charlemagne
(742-814) (Charles the Great)

• Attempts to rebuild Roman Empire
• Revives art and culture
• Saves the Pope (Leo III) -rewarded with the title
  Holy Roman Emperor (Power shift from
  Constantinople to Northern Europe)
• Reforms monetary, governmental, military,
  cultural, educational and ecclesiastical (outlaws
  whoring, drunkenness, and covetousness among
  the nuns and converted the Saxons.)
• After his death roads degrade and villas turn to
  castles.

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Charlemagne
Note the symbolism in this painting
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Origins of Japanese Feudalism

• After the end of the Heian period the power of
  the emperor declined
• Rugged terrain made central control difficult
• Japan saw the rise of various military clans.
• Conflicts between these clans turned into civil
  war
• A society led by samurai clans under the
  political rule of the shogun emerged

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Structure of European Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based
on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Europe
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Lord
Lord
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
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hate
I have fiefs
I have manors
you
I have debt
I have Disease
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Structure of Japanese Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Daimyo
Daimyo
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
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The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society
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Who is really in control?

• Europe
• Pope (Catholic Church!!!) is head of Roman
  Catholic Church
• Early popes seen as spiritual leaders
• During Middle Ages, they became powerful
  political figures

• Japan
• Emperor holds the highest rank, but no real
  power.
• -Head of Shinto religion and revered.
• Shogun REALLY in charge

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Lords in Europe

• The king would give out grants of land to his
  most important noblemen (barons and bishops),
• A lord granted land (a fief) to his vassals.
• Vassal would provide military service to the
  lord. Land for loyalty is the basis of feudalism.
• The vassal pays homage and swears fealty

• Roland swears fealty to Charlemagne

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Daimyo in Japan

• Shoguns appoint loyal Daimyo to be local
  administrators
• Daimyo are wealthy landlords who are Judges,
  tax collectors, military leaders and are in
  charge of road construction and maintenance.

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Daimyo

• Samurai

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Knights in Europe

• Had a duty to learn how to fight and so serve
  their liege Lord according to the Code of
  Chivalry
• Weapon practice included two-handed sword,
  battle axe, mace, dagger and lance.
• Expected to guard a castle and support his liege
  lord in Medieval warfare
• Granted land with serfs to tend it
• To become a knight took years of training
• Page? esquire ? knight

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Samurai in Japan

• Samurai were warriors - granted position and
  land in exchange for military service.(also rice)
• Duty to maintain peace in the provinces
• lived by an honor code called Bushido
• would rather commit suicide than live without
  honor.

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Code of Chivalry

• Justice
• Loyalty
• Defense
• Courage
• Faith
• Humility
• Nobility

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Code of Bushido

• Fidelity
• Politeness
• Virility
• Simplicity

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Seppuku Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way.
Kaishaku his seconds
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http//www.theonion.com/video/ninja-parade-slips-t
hrough-town-unnoticed-once-aga,14181/
Ninjas Just For Fun

• appeared in 14th century
• roles included sabotage, espionage
  assassination
• cause social chaos
• At least one ninja academy for girls

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Manorialism in Europe

• the economic portion of feudalism
• life was centered on the lords manor
• included the village, church, farm land and mill.
• involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations
  that exchanged labor or rents for access to land.
• encompassed the political relations between the
  Lord of the Manor and his peasants
• sometimes referred to as the seignorial system,
  or Seigneurialism.

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The Reciprocal obligations of manorialism

• Peasants paid the lord of the manor certain dues
  in return for the use of his land
• The Lord of the Manor was expected to provide
  protection for his peasants
• He also provided 'Banalities use of oven
  mill
• Lord had judicial power and could gain revenue by
  the payment of fines
• Lord could claim the goods of a person who died
  on their lands and had no direct heir

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Feudal Japanese Economics

• Japan was an agricultural society based on the
  production of rice. Terraces were created to
  increase the amount of arable land.
• There was little trade it was mostly local with
  few or no contacts with Korea or China.

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Commoners in Japan

• Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of
  serfs.
• They were bound to the land and treated as
  property.
• made up 75 of the population.
• not allowed to ride a horse or carry a sword.
• Social Mobility In times of war, a peasant who
  fought well could rise in status in the society.

Farmer with Hoe (Ivory)
Farmers wife Noble occupation
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Europe Mostly Isolated in Feudalism

• Little long distance trade
• Northern Hanseatic League
• Education declined - controlled by Church
• Art and architecture less sophisticated
• Christianity spreads to Scandinavia and Baltic
  regions
• Islam seen as a threat to Europe

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Threats to Japan Mongol attempted invasions of
Japan

• Kublai Khan sends two invasion forces

• 4,400 ships and 140,000 men
• kamikaze winds stop them.
• Mongols lose up to 75 of men

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Threats in Europe

• Vikings
• Seamen and warriors
• Why migrate
• Technology
• Convert to Christianity
• Places of settlement
• Magyars
• Muslims

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Castles in Europe

• castles helped a king or a vassal defend the land
  around
• provided homes for the nobles and their families
  and servants.
• outer walls could be up to 33 feet thick
• by 1500, became much less important (cannons
  invented)

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Castles in Japan

• In 12th and 13th centuries castles were built by
  Samurai and Daimyo.
• Built mostly of wood, they were easily destroyed
  in sieges.

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Comparative thesis

• Compare the (1st 2nd period social, 3rd 5th
  period economic, 6th 7th period political)
  aspects of the feudal systems of Japan and Europe
  between 1000 and 1450 C.E.