Lab 4-- Identification: Petromyzontiformes to Osteoglossiformes

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Lab 4-- IdentificationPetromyzontiformes to
Osteoglossiformes
Chestnut lamprey (Icthyomyzon castaneus)
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
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Wisconsin Fishes
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Bad River
Menominee River
St. Croix River
Chippewa River
Wisconsin River
Wolf River
Fox River
Black River
Lake Winnebago
Wisconsin River
Mississippi River
Rock River
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Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae

• 41 species worldwide, 6 species found in
  Wisconsin
• Sometimes parasitic
• The sea lamprey contributed to the collapse of
  the Great Lakes lake trout fishery

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Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae

• Sea lamprey
• Petromyzon marinus

American brook lamprey Lampetra appendix
Chestnut lamprey Ichthyomyzon castaneus
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
American brook lamprey
Sea lamprey
Chestnut lamprey
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Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae

• 23 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
• Most species are endangered
• Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)
• Feed on benthic invertebrates
• Sought after gamefish

White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) dont
have to know
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Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)

• Lake sturgeon
• Acipenser fulvescens

Shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Lake sturgeon
Shovelnose sturgeon
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Acipenseriformes - Polyodontidae

• 2 species worldwide
• A living plankton net
• Are listed as Threatened
• Found only in Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers

Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Paddlefish
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Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae

• Only 7 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
• Piscivorous

Longnose gar (Lepistosteus osseus)
Shortnose gar (Lepistosteus platostomus)
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Longnose gar
Shortnose gar
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Amiiformes - Amiidae

• Only 1 extant species (Amia calva)
• Cycloid scales
• Voracious predators
• Fairly widespread

Bowfin (Amia calva)
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Bowfin
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Clupeiformes - Clupeidae

• 330 species worldwide, 3 found in Wisconsin
• Most are marine

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Alewife
Gizzard shad
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Anguilliformes - Anguillidae

• Approximately 622 species, mostly marine
• Only 1 species in Wisconsin (Anguilla rostrata)

American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
American eel
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Osteoglossiformes - Hiodontidae

• Only representatives of Osteoglossiformes in
  Wisconsin

Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
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WI DNR Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http//web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Mooneye
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Geographic Distributions

• Mississippi River supports all the native
  primitive fishes
• Most primitive fishes are primarily found in
  large bodies of waterwhy?

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Why in the do we have to do all this writing
in our fishes course?

• Get lots of instruction on writingnot as much on
  scientific writing, what is the difference?
• Importance of being able to express your
  thoughts, regardless of what career you choose
• Research techniques are universal
• If you go on in science, it is the only currency
  that matters?.......what do I mean by that?

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Peer Review?

• Criticism is importantconstructive criticism
  is best!
• Two types Internal and External. Point of
  internal review is to make external review go
  well
• When you are reviewing someone elses work think
  how you would want to be reviewed..You want to
  do the best job you canbut you dont want to be
  yelled at to do it!
• You are going to do this for each other

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The paper process

• Observation or idea
• It looks like every time we catch white suckers,
  we are sampling in a deeper portion of the
  stream?
• I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is
  related to the biomass of trout species?
• Develop Hypothesis
• It looks like every time we catch white suckers,
  we are sampling in a deeper portion of the
  stream?
• I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is
  related to the biomass of trout species?
• Hit the literature
• What does everyone else have to say about this?

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Where do you find information

1. Web, Google and Google Scholar
2. Online Databases
3. Biological Abstracts
4. ISI Web of Science

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Hypothesis Testing

• An educated guess or prediction about an
  experiment, behavior, outcome, relationship etc.
• Statistical Terms
• The null hypothesis (H0)
  
• fish growth 1 fish growth 2
• The alternative hypothesis (H1)
• fish growth 1 ? fish growth 2

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Structure of a scientific paper

1. Title
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Methods study site, data analyses
5. Results graphs, tables analyses
6. Discussion
7. Literature Cited

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Order you write a scientific paper

1. Results start with a picture, tell your story
2. Discussion whats cool about your story, also
   relative to what other people found
3. Methods what did you do to get your results
4. Introduction background on what you found
5. Abstract just the highlights
6. Title make it work for your story
7. Literature Cited

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Style

• Use active voice
• We calculated fish condition (active)
• Fish condition was calculated (passive)
• OK to write in the first person tense
• I hypothesized that water temperature would
  affect fish activity.
• We measured fish abundance in a 50 m reach.

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Citing References
Jaw opening velocity and depression of the lower
jaw both decrease when largemouth bass are fed
to satiation (Sass and Motta, 2002). According
to Roth and Kitchell (2002), selective
predation by fishes is not the sole mechanism
leading to the extirpation of native orconectid
crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes. Note
When referencing prior work, all verbs should be
in the present tense because you are quoting
established knowledge
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More writing techniques