How do you define citizenship?

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Chapter 2

• How do you define citizenship?

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1. Define Iroquois Confederacy, Anishnabee and
Clans

• Iroquois a political alliance of five tribes
  (later six) that occupied what is now eastern
  Canada before contact with Europeans
• Anishnaabe Ojibwe term meaning the people of
  the land
• Clans a group connected by blood or kinship a
  basic social and political organization used by
  some aboriginal societies.

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2. What groups are included in the title
Aboriginal People? Who are not included?

• The constitution act of 1982 defines the term
  aboriginal peoples of Canada as including the
  First Nations, Inuit, and Metis.
• It does not include the Inuit of the North or the
  Metis who are of mixed European and First Nations
  origin

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3 4.Why were aboriginals left out of the
decision making process?

• They were not invited to confederation
  conferences.
• After 1867 they were moved onto reserves as
  European immigrants claimed western lands to
  farm.
• The federal government created a department of
  Indian affaires to oversee the aboriginal
  peoples.
• The Indian Act 1876 banned the ancient cultural
  practices such as the western potlatch
• In 1927 an amendment was made that stripped
  aboriginal peoples of the right to form political
  organizations.

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5. Residential Schools and Assimilation

• RS Schools run by the Canadian government in
  partnership with Christian churches, starting in
  the late 1800s, whose aim was to assimilate
  aboriginal students into mainstream Canadian
  society.

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6. Life in a Residential School

• Harsh
• Cut of from families, culture, history, and
  identity.
• Couldnt speak their own language.
• Students worked in kitchens, barns, or fields
  without pay.

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7. 1968 White Paper

• Outlined plans to eliminate the special legal
  status of aboriginal peoples in Canada.

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8.Assembly of First Nations and their top
priority for Canada and the aboriginal peoples

• To give the aboriginal peoples a voice in Ottawa.
• To improve the state of first nations education.

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9.Rights and Responsibilities of aboriginals in
Canada and the world

• HDI-Human Development Index
• Measures economic status, literacy, education,
  life expectancy, and other indicators of human
  well-being yearly.
• Aboriginal people live shorter lives, receive
  less education, make less money, live inadequate
  housing, higher rate of imprisonment.

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10. Two founding Nations

• French (1608)
• British (1750s)

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11. Date of first French exploration? Who led
them?

• Jacques Cartier 1534

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12.Why do we have Quebec if, in 1759 the English
defeated the French?

• To maintain the loyalty of the French the British
  wrote the Quebec Act in 1774 giving the French
  their language, legal and religious rights back.

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13. When did Canada first recognize the French
language?

• In 1867 with the BNA Act

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14. Official Languages Act

• In 1969, Pierre Elliot Trudeau oversaw the
  passage of the Official Languages Act.
• This act proclaimed French and English as
  Canadas two official languages.
• It also made the federal public service and
  judicial systems bilingual.
• 15. New Brunswick

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16.Language Rights and the CCRF

• In 1982, the CCRF further guaranteed
  pre-exisisting language and education rights for
  official language minorities.
• Parents may have their children learn in their
  language if they are a minority.

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17. Why in 1870, was Manitoba granted English and
French Language Rights?

• 50 percent of its population was francophone.
• The Métis saw the Red River Settlement as their
  homeland and saw the Canadian government as a
  threat to their way of life.
• Louis Riel , led the Métis and demanded that
  their rights be recognized. Because of this
  Manitoba joined confederation with the guarantees
  in place for francophone's and for the Métis.

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18. Why is Manitoba only 5 French today?

• Official bilingualism was abolished
• Catholics lost the right to run their own
  schools.
• In the 1990s the government would had back the
  management of francophone schools.

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19.Bill 101 and Quebec Language Rights

• Made French the official language of Quebec.
• The use of any other language in the workplace
  was regulated.
• If one parent was educated in an English school
  then their child could be as well.
• The intention was to protect a minority language
  french in an english dominated country.

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20.First French PM

• Wilfred Laurier
• Louis St. Laurent
• Pierre Elliot Trudeau, Jean Chretien

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21. United Empire Loyalists

• Were the first large scale wave of English
  speaking immigrants to arrive into Canada.
• They came to Nova Scotia and Upper Canada in
  1775-1783.

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22. Where did they come from and why did they
settle?

• They came from the USA because they rejected the
  revolution and republicanism (government w/out a
  king or a queen).
• They believed in peace, order, and good
  government.

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23. How did the arrival of the loyalists effect
the cultural makeup of Canada?

• Canada became primarily and English country.

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24. What pushed the Scots out of Scotland?

• Escape hardship
• Unemployment
• Land clearances (kicked off land to make room for
  sheep to graze)

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25. How did the Scots come to settle in Manitoba?

• In 1812, Thomas Douglas brought some of the
  earliest Scottish settlers to Manitoba.
• Developed into Selkirk

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26. The Irish

• Faced starvation
• Potato famine
• People came over on coffin ships many died on the
  way to Canada.

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28 and 29. of immigration and Canadas Pop

• Over 50 of the population growth.
• 1 in 6 Canadians is a member of a visible minority

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30. History of Immigration

• 20th cent many Ukrainians, Scandinavians,
  Americans, and eastern Europeans came to claim
  and work the lands of the prairies.
• Only white Europeans were recruited by the
  government and considered desirable.
• Non-whites were often turned away, unless cheap
  labour was needed.
• 1880s Chinese used to build the CPR.
• Japanese were only allowed in until 1920.
• 1885 Chinese faced a head tax went from 50 to 500
  dollars
• African Americans came during the American Civil
  War (1860-1863).

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31. Who developed the concept of citizenship?

• 1947, the prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie
  King.
• Until then people were described as British
  Subjects.

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32. Point system and multiculturalism

• In 1976, Canada created different admissions
  categories and created a point system.
• People were awarded points for the following
• Knowing English or French
• Education
• Job skills

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33. Greatest of Immigrants

• Asia

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34. Greatest decrease

• Oceania and other countries

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35. When did Canada officially adopt the
multicultural policy?

• 1971

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36.When was the UDHR adopted?

• Dec 10, 1948

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37. Explain the meaning of National Aboriginal Day

• Celebrates cultures and contributions of first
  nations, Inuit, and Métis in Canada.
• First proclaimed in 1996.

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38.Identify several black Canadian contributions
to society

• Mary Ann Shadd- ant-Slavery Advocate and first
  female paper editor
• Ferguson Jenkins-only one in the baseball hall of
  fame.
• Donovan Bailey-worlds fastest man
• Michaelle Jean-became Canadas 27 Governor
  General
• Jerome Iginla- Calgary Flames Captain

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39. March 21, 1960

• International Day for the Elimination of Racial
  Discrmination

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40.