GROWING IMMIGRATION

1
GROWING IMMIGRATION
2
Where did they come from?

• The Americas
• Asia
• Northern Europe (before the Civil War)
• English, Scots, Irish, Germans, Scandinavians

3
Where did they come from?

• Southern Europe, Eastern Europe (After the Civil
  War)
• E. European Jews/Southern Italians/Greeks Slavic
  peoples (Poles, Slovaks, Czechs, Croats, Serbs,
  Ukrainians, Russians, Armenians)

4
(No Transcript)
5
Why did they leave?

• Overpopulation
• Lack of jobs
• Government tyranny
• Crop failures
• Land shortages
• Rising taxes and famine
• Escaping religious/political persecution

6
How did they get here?

• Steamships made of iron and steel
• 2-3 weeks to 1 week by 1900
• Operated on a schedule like railroads
• Created birds of passage-single male worker who
  came for a short time, earn money, and return home

7
Steamships

• Most immigrants traveled in Steerage (large open
  area beneath ships deck)
• Cheap fares
• Limited toilet facilities,
• no privacy, poor food

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10

• In 1886 greeted by Statue of Liberty in NY harbor

11
(No Transcript)
12
ELLIS ISLANDGate to America or Golden Door

• 70 of European immigrants arrived in NYC
• Processed
  through within
  hours or days

13
ELLIS ISLANDGate to America or Golden Door

• In 1892 an immigration center opened at Ellis
  Island in NY harbor
• Immigrants were given medical check-up and a
  series of questions

14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19

• Sometimes immigrants were quarantined (isolated
  to prevent the spread of disease)
• Some were even deported due to serious diseases

20

• Name?
• Occupation?
• Who paid your fare?
• Can you read or write?
• How much money do you have?
• Have you been to prison or in a poorhouse?
• Where are you going?
• Do you have a job already?

21

• Many immigrants received new names
• BuchenrothRoth
• Stefanopoulous Stevens

22
Angel Island

• San Francisco
• Horrible conditions
• Processed through within weeks or months.

23
Angel Island

• Designed to enforce Chinese Exclusion Act
• Prohibited immigration of Chinese workers for 10
  yrs.
• Prevented Chinese living in US from becoming
  citizens
• Thought they were taking jobs of whites

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Asian Immigrants

• Exclusion Act created labor shortages
• Hired more workers from Japan, Korea,
  Philippines

29
Asian Immigrants

• Segregated Asian children in schools - TR ended
  this in 1906
• Gentlemens Agreement Japan agreed not to allow
  workers into US. US agreed to let families of
  Japanese living in US to immigrate

30
Mexican Immigrants

• Farmers needed cheap labor
• (TX, NM, AZ, CA)
• High wages attracted Mexican workers
• Treated as inferior, low wages, segregated
  schools

31
(No Transcript)
32
French Canadian Immigrants

• Many were Catholics from Quebec
• Settled in New England Great Lakes
• Took jobs in textile mills
  logging camps

33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
Jobs for Immigrants

• Mines, mills, and factories
• Friends and relatives helped each other

36
Where did immigrants settle?

• Most lived with friends and relatives in
  established communities
• Many stay in port city neighborhoods called
  Ghettos
• Areas dominated by one ethnic or racial group

37
Where did immigrants settle?

• Only 2 went to the south

38
Immigrant Ghettos

• Filled w/ tenements low cost apartments,
  designed to hold many families
• Very poor living conditions
• Rats, Open Sewers, Disease, Fire

39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
City Growth

• Increase city pop. creation of suburbs
• Suburb residential communities surrounding the
  cities

42
Rise of Political Bosses

• Political Machine unofficial city org. that
  kept a party / group in power.
• Headed by a single leader / Boss

43
Rise of Political Bosses

• Most Famous - William Boss Tweed
• Ran Tammany Hall - Democratic Party in NYC
• Brought down by Political Cartoonist Thomas Nast