PA 395 Day 5

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PA 395 Day 5 Non-Profits and the Environment Gary
Flomenhoft June 21, 2003
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Doom and Gloom?
Hubbert curve based on 2 trillion barrels
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BP R/P ratios
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U.S. Conservatives Take Aim at NGOs
http//www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0612-09.ht
m The industry-funded right-wing think tank the
American Enterprise Institute (AEI) has taken aim
at non-governmental organizations. During a
recent all-day conference, "Nongovernmental
Organizations The Growing Power of an Unelected
Few," speakers delivered the message that NGOs
"are using their growing prominence and power to
pursue a 'liberal' agenda at the international
level that threatens U.S. sovereignty and
free-market capitalism." According to AEI and the
conference co-sponsor, the rightist Institute of
Public Affairs of Australia, "NGOs have created
their own rules and regulations and demanded that
governments and corporations abide by
those rules." Jim Lobe writes for OneWorld,
"Several speakers praised the work of NGOs ...
but stressed that, at the international
policy level, much of what they did actually hurt
the intended beneficiaries." NGOs' opposition to
the use of DDT to fight malaria and to the
delivery of genetically-engineered corn in
southern Africa were cited as examples of
policies which amounted to "eco-imperialism" and
showed a "callous disregard for human
life." SOURCE OneWorld, June 12, 2003
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Term paper approaches-example
Theories of Environmental Change-Costain/Lester
2) Policy Learning-Sabatier Competing
Coalitions. Triggered by external events A)
Intermediate level of informed conflict between
two interest groups Primary aspects of one group
vs. core aspects of another or Secondary aspects
of both B) Forum is prestigious enough to force
professionals from different coalitions and
dominated by professional norms.
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Competing Coalitions
Save the whales Pro Con
Interest Group NGOs Greenpeace, IFAW, etc. Whaling countries Japan, Norway Inuits, etc.
Core values Deep ecology, intrinsic value, bio-centrism Food, sovereignty
Forum IWC IWC
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Interest Groups and Social Movements
Interest Group Organized body of individuals
who share some goals and who try to influence
public policy. -Berry Any group that, on the
basis of one or more shared attitudes, makes
certain claims upon other groups in society for
the establishment, maintenance, or enhancement of
other forms of behavior that are implied by the
shared attitudes.-Truman Advance the the common
interests of groups of individuals.-Olson Organiz
ations which seek incremental changes in laws,
regulations, or judicial decision through
institutional means. McAdam
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Normative analysis imposition of cultural norms
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Normative analysis imposition of cultural norms
FOOD Western culture Eastern culture Semitic culture (jews and islam) Hindu/ Buddhist Some Africans
Mammals it is OK to eat Cows, pigs, sheep, (goats), deer, elk, moose, antelope ALL including dolphins/ Whales, dogs/cats All except below. (Split hoof) None? Bush meat Gorillas, chimps
Mammals it is Not OK to eat (charismatic megafauna cute seals, dolphins, etc) Dogs, cats, horses (OK for dog food) cetaceans (dolphins, whales), primates None? Humans usually (except PNG) Pigs, horse, others? Hindus Cows ? Humans usually
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Types of 501 organizations
5011 Corporation organized act of Congress 20
5012 Titleholding corporations 7100
5013 Charitable and religious 654,186
5014 Social Welfare 139,512
5015 Labor, agricultural 64,955
5016 Business leagues 77,274
5017 Social and recreational 60,845
5018 Fraternal beneficiary societies 91,972
5019 Voluntary employees beneficiary society 14,486
50110 Domestic fraternal beneficiary societies 20,925
50111 Teachers retirement funds 13
50112 Benevolent liffe insurance associations 6,343
50113 Cemetary companies 9,562
50114 State-chartered credit unions 5,157
50115 Mutual insurance companies 1,212
50116 Corporations to finance crop operations 23
50117 Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts 565
50118 Employee-funded pension trusts 2
50119 War veterans organizations 31,464
50120 Legal service organizations 131
Etc. To 50125, 501(d), 501(e), 501(f), 521
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Advocacy activities by non-profits
DESCRIPTION 5013 CHARITABLE ORG 5014 SOCIAL WELFARE ORG
KEY TAX RULES May receive deductible contribution. No federal gift tax on contributions Tax-exempt but contributors do not receive deduction. Donor may owe federal gift tax on gt10,000. Org taxed on investment income to extent of electioneering expenditure
General permitted activities Charitable and educational activities, including public education, lobbying (for public charities) May engage in any activity permitted a 501-3, plus any activity that serves public purposes, such as lobbying advocacy in the public interest.
Lobbying allowed? Public charities Yes, to a limited extent-subject to 501(h) limits or to requirements that it not be substantial. Private foundations NO lobbying Yes, allowed. May even be the orgs exclusive actitivity
Is an affiliated PAC allowed? No, but affiliated 5014 may have PAC Yes
What campaign related activities are allowed? Non-partisan voter registration, voter education, and get-out-the vote efforts. Campaign intervention strictly prohibited May engage in electioneering as long it is not the organizations primary activity and is not express advocacy (except MFCL)
Is express advocacy allowed? No No, unless org is an MCFL
What issue advocacy activities are allowed? issue advocacy, educational and lobbying. Limits on issue advocacy that promotes or criticizes particular candidates (20), and electioneering prohibited Neither election laws nor tax laws limit issue advocacy
What disclosure is required No requirement to disclose their donors to the public Most are not required to disclose their donors. MCFL corporations making express advocacy independent expenditures must file regular, publicly available reports with FEC
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Advocacy activities by non-profits
Express Advocacy, also called explicit candidate
advertising, are communications which use words
of express advocacy, such as "Vote for Smith,"
"Support Jones," "Defeat Senator Jones," etc. In
some cases, communications with "marginally less
direct" exhortations to vote have nonetheless
been ruled express advocacy, while in others they
have been ruled issue advocacy. Issue Advocacy
has come to mean everything that is not express
candidate advocacy, and has two sub-categories
Candidate-Specific Issue Advertising/Electione
ering Communication, which discusses or clearly
identifies a candidate, but does not use explicit
words of express advocacy and Pure Issue
Advertising, which discusses an issue without
mentioning the name or showing video/images of a
candidate. Issue Advocacy is not totally free of
federal regulation the FEC, Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) disclosure
regulations and IRS non-profit rules
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UBIT
Unrelated Business Income Tax
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Public/Private collaboration
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PARTNERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS-AUSTIN
PHILANTHROPIC TRANSACTIONAL INTEGRATIVE
MIND-SET Gratefulness and charity Minimal collaboration in defining activities separateness Partnering mind-set Increased understanding and trust We mentality in place of us vs. them
STRATEGIC-ALIGNMENT Minimal fit required beyond a shared interest in a particular issue area Overlap in mission and values Shared visioning at top of organization Broad scope of activities of strategic significance Relationships as strategic tool High mission mesh Shared values
COLLABORATION VALUE Generic resource transfer Unequal exchange of resources Corre competancy exchange More equal exchange of resources Projects of limited scope and risk that demonstrate success Projects developed at all levels in the organization, with leadership support Joint benefit creation Need for value renewal Shared-equity investment for mutual return
RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT Corporate-commmunity affairs Ngo-development Corporate-minimal connection to cause Project communicated via writing Minimal peformance expectations Expanded personal relationships thorughout org Strong personal connection of leadership Emerging infrastructure, including relationship managers and communication channels Explicit perfformance expectations Informal learning Expanded opportunities for direct employee involvement in relationship Deep personal relationships across organizations Culture of each org inffluenced by other Partner relationship mgrs. Org integration in execution including shared resources Incentive to partner Active learning
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Case study TNC and Georgia-Pacific Lumber
From Tree-huggers vs. land-rapers To Collaboration
Georgia-Pacific Nature Conservancy
Ownership, operation, upkeep, maintenance of properties, including associated costs and for joinntly developing and monitoring the ecosystem management plan Responsible for protecting the propertiesmonitoring and managing plant and animal populations, plant communities, and natural habitats and jointly developing the ecosystem management plan. TNC will be given all hunting rights and the event of ownership transferr have 1st right of refusal
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Case study TNC and Georgia-Pacific Lumber
Ecosystem management plan Land management plan
Ensures highest level off conservation, and if compatible timber production. Timber harvesting is prohibited within 600 feet of the channel of any permanent stream or estuary, and all timber will have to be removed by helicopter. Ecosystem management plan was developed and is managed by GP/TNC partenership, which met quarterly thru 95 and meets periodically. Members include NC Wildlife resources Comm. US fish and Wildlife Service, NC state Dept. Forestry, GP, and TNC
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Social Venture Capital/Venture Philanthropy (Socia
l Return on Investment)
Venture Philanthropy Partners (VPP), a
philanthropic investment organization, is working
to improve the lives of children from low-income
communities by pursuing two interrelated goals.
First, we help strengthen nonprofit
organizations, offering not just major funding
but also significant management expertise and
other non-financial resources that are too rarely
available to nonprofits. Second, we are joining
with others in our field to inspire
philanthropists, corporate and nonprofit leaders,
and public policymakers to help increase the
effectiveness and the flow of capital, talent,
and other resources to nonprofit organizations
meeting the core needs of children.
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Social Venture Capital/Venture Philanthropy (Socia
l Return on Investment)
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