Nature

1
Nature Nurture
2
Criticisms
3

• Nurture

4
Parents Peers

• Parents influence their children
• Parenting style can influence later relationships
• Childhood abuse can permanently change brain
  structure limit abilities
• Tend to have similar abstract values and beliefs
• Peers influence one another
• Much larger effects (Cinderella)
• Behavior and preferences tend to be guided by
  peers

5
Culture

• Behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, traditions
  that are shared and transmitted
• Ex Gender roles over time

6
Cultural Differences in Self

• Independent view of self
• Defining oneself in terms of ones own internal
  thoughts, feelings, actions, etc.
• US, Australia, Germany
• Interdependent view of self
• Defining oneself in terms of ones relationships
  with other people and recognition that thoughts,
  actions, feelings, etc. are often dependent on
  other people
• Asia, Africa, Central and South America

7
Cultural explanations of behavior

• North Americans compared to East Asians
• Self needs vs. group needs
• Focus on actor vs. focus on context
• Self affirmation vs. improvement
• Time Differences based on economy
• Walking 60 feet
• Time to get stamps at a post office
• Accuracy of 15 random bank clocks in downtown

8
Gender Development - Nature

• 23rd chromosome
• X chromosome men and women (2)
• Y chromosome men only
• Early exposure to testosterone
• Males raised as females

9
Gender Development - Nurture

• Gender roles social expectations about behavior
• Modeling of roles