The Internet

1
The Internet
2
Contents

• Internet vs WWW
• Pages vs Sites
• How the Internet Works
• Getting a Web Presence

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Internet

• A network is a group of connected computers that
  can interact with each other and share resources
• The internet is a large network that spans the
  entire Earth. It is actually a network made up of
  many smaller networks that are all combined.

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Internet

• The internet is more than just web pages and the
  WWW (World Wide Web).
• The internet includes the www, newsgroups, email
  and other shared resources.
• So, the world wide web is a part of the internet.

Do you know when the WWW was made available to
the general public?
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Web Pages and Web Sites

• A web page is a single file or page on the world
  wide web that can display images and text, links
  to other web pages and can be designed to be
  interactive.
• A web site is a collection of two or more
  connected or linked web pages.

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Browser

• A browser is a program that allows a user to view
  web pages on the World Wide Web.
• Most popular browsers
• Internet Explorer
• Firefox
• Google Chrome
• Safari
• Opera

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Browser

• Different browsers display web pages in different
  ways.
• As a web page designer it is important to design
  your page with at least Internet Explorer and
  Firefox in mind make it work with both browsers!

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• On a network there are two types of machines
• A server is a computer that shares files and
  other resources such as a printer with other
  computers on a on a network.
• A client is a computer on a network that
  accesses files or resources on another computer
  (server).

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• The www is a large network made up of many
  servers and clients
• Servers store web sites, and clients view web
  sites
• A computer can be both a client and a server at
  the same time

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• Is the computer you are sitting in front of a
  server or client?
• Where is my website stored?
• How are you able to see it?
• How did I get the files available for you to see?

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• When you type in a web address like
  www.anything.com,
• how does your browser know how to find it?

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• There are many servers around the world that
  store web pages for the world wide web.
• Every computer whether its a server or client
  is given a unique identification number when it
  connects to the internet.
• This unique number is called an I.P. Address

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• An IP Address looks like the following
• 192.168.120.101
• There are four segments to an IP Address. The
  numbers that make up each segment can be from 0
  255 (although the very first segment cant have a
  zero).

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• To connect to the internet and receive an IP
  Address for your computer, you must have an ISP
  (Internet Service Provider).
• There are two types of ISPs
• Dial-up
• Broadband

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• Dial-up ISPs (approx 6 in U.S.)
• America Online
• Earthlink
• Net Zero
• Broadband ISPs
• Charter
• ATT DSL
• Mobile Providers

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• Dial-up internet access requires your computer to
  dial a phone number to connect and is very slow
• Broadband internet access is always connected,
  and has much faster speeds for loading web pages
  and downloading files

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• Every time that you connect to your ISP, whether
  by calling in to your dial-up connection or
  restarting your broadband modem you get a new IP
  address. This is called a dynamic IP address.
• If your computer keeps the same IP address always
  and it never changes it is called a static IP
  address.
• ACTIVITY
• Use the Internet to research 3 different Internet
  Service Providers. You should write down the
  types of services that providers offers and the
  pricing.

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• Servers that are storing or hosting a website
  have static IP addresses. This means that if you
  know the IP address for a server you can always
  find that webpage.
• Wouldnt it be nice if there was a place that
  stored that information? A place that knew what
  the IP address was for every server and what web
  pages were stored there?

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• A DNS Server (Domain Name Service) stores that
  information.
• But what if you had to remember an IP address for
  every single web page that you want to visit?
  Could you remember them all?
• Instead of google.com what if you had to remember
  that it was 64.233.160.0

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• A domain name is a group of letters that
  represent the IP address for a particular web
  site.
• anything.com is an example of a domain name.
• cia.gov is a domain name.
• lost.tv is a domain name.

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• Instead of remembering IP addresses
• you just have to remember the domain name
• Thats what a DNS server does
• it keeps track of which domain names are
  associated with which IP address
• When you type in google.com
• the DNS server knows that means to actually go to
  74.125.224.72

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is what you type
  into your browser to request a page.
• The URL contains the domain name, and additional
  path information and the protocol.
• The protocol is the http// part at the very
  beginning.

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• http (hypertext transfer protocol) tells the
  browser that you are requesting a document
  created using hypertext what we will be writing
  our web pages with.
• Most browsers do not require you to write http//
  or even www. before typing in the rest of the
  address.
• http//www.google.com should be the same as
  typing
• google.com

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• The additional path information is if the webpage
  you are trying to view is in a subfolder-
• http//www.google.com/folder/inhere/index.htm
• Notice that for URLs we use / or forward slash.
• When using the path on our computer it is a back
  slash or \
• C\programs\microsoft\word.exe
• http//www.google.com/folder/index.htm

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How the Internet Works(Basically)

• So to sum it all up ?
• You type in the URL for a website into your
  browser. Your browser is connected to the
  internet through your ISP. It checks the ISPs
  DNS server to see what IP address matches up with
  the domain name and where it is located. The
  request is sent to the server at that IP address
  and the web page is sent back to your browser.

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Putting Your Website Online

• You know how it works, youve made a website, now
  you want to get it published online so others can
  see it.
• There are three things you have to do
• Register a domain name
• Find a host
• Upload your files

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Register A Domain Name

• Pick a domain name yourname.com or whatever you
  want.
• Youll need to check to make sure it hasnt been
  taken. You can do that at
• www.internic.com/whois.html
• www.godaddy.com
• You can also check to see if it is taken at many
  other places as well.

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Register A Domain Name

• Registering a domain name costs money.
• Usually around 9.95/year.
• There are many websites you can visit to register
  your domain. A quick search in google will
  provide you with a long list to choose from.

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Find A Host

• The host is the company that you pay money to
  allow you to store your website files on their
  server.
• Some hosts also register domain names as well.
• Some hosts are free, but do not allow you to have
  your own domain name.

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Find A Host

• Again, searching google.com will provide you with
  a long list of website hosts.
• The host will provide you with a specific amount
  of disk space on which to save your files
• More importantly the host provides your website
  with an IP address that doesnt change.
• After finding a host, your domain is registered
  on the name servers to point to that IP address.

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Upload Your Files

• Dowloading is when you copy or move files from
  another computer to your own computer.
• Uploading is when you copy or move files from
  your computer to another computer.
• Now that you have a domain name and a server to
  host your website, you have to upload your
  website files to the server.

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Upload Your Files

• Uploading your files to the server is done by
  using an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) program.
• There are many free FTP programs available just
  search google!

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Putting Your Website Online

• Once youve uploaded your files, your website is
  ready to go.
• It may take a day or two for your website to show
  up after registering the domain name and setting
  up your host.

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Hosting A Website On Your Own Computer

• Bad Idea
• Costs extra to have a static IP address, meaning
  an IP address that never changes. Most ISPs
  provide you with a dynamic IP address meaning
  it changes every time you connect.
• Major security concerns
• It will cause your connection to the internet to
  slow to a crawl as more and more people visit
  your site.
• Your page will load slowly for people who visit
  your site
• Many ISPs have contracts that specifically state
  that you may not host your own website using the
  IP address they assign you.

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Important Terms

• ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• Hosting
• DNS (Domain Name Service)
• Domain Name
• http (hypertext transfer protocol)
• Downloading
• Uploading

• Network
• Internet
• WWW (World Wide Web)
• Web page
• Web site
• Browser
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• Server
• Client
• IP Address

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Assignments

• Go to my website and do the following three
  assignments
• Basic Internet Definitions
• Web Search Activity
• Radio Station