DG TREN

1
Infrastructure Development
Bridging the National International
Levels The Euratom Experience and expertise
Sotiris Synetos, Euratom Safeguards
IAEA Technical Meeting on Infrastructure
development
EUROPEANCOMMISSION
2
The Euratom Treaty

• Signed at Rome in 1957
• One of the founding EU treaties
• Formal name is the
• European Atomic Energy Community

3
The Tasks of the Euratom Community

• a. promote research .
• b. establish uniform safety standards to protect
  the health of workers and of the general
  public.
• c. facilitate investment ..
• g. .. the creation of a common market in
  specialized materials and equipment,
  .
• h. establish relations with other countries and
  international organizations

4
Euratom Safeguards

• ..the Commission shall satisfy itself that, in
  the territories of Member States
• a) nuclear materials are not diverted from their
  declared uses
• b) any obligations assumed under an agreement
  concluded with a third State or an international
  organization are complied with.

5
Milestones in Euratom Safeguards

• 1957 The Euratom Treaty
• 1959 Safeguards Office operational
• 1978 NPT Safeguards regime
• 2004 AP implementation commences
• 2010 Integrated safeguards in the 25 EU NNWS
• Worldwide standard CSA AP

6
Euratom safeguards in numbers

• 2
• 25
• 200
• 1000
• 1500
• 2 000 000

• nuclear weapons member states
• non-nuclear weapons member states
• Staff-mostly Inspectors
• MBAs
• inspections per year
• lines of a/c data per year

7
The Elements of Euratom Safeguards
Declaration of Facilites Declaration of Nuclear
Materials Provisions relating to
inspections Sanctions
8
(No Transcript)
9
Euratom IAEA Euratom as RSAC

• 1977
• entry into force of Comprehensive Safeguards
  Agreement with the IAEA INFCIRC/193
• (plus INFCIRC/263 UK, INFCIRC/290 F)
• 2004
• EU Additional Protocols

10
The benefits of RSACs

• Complement to IAEA
• Facilitator for IAEA
• logistics, equipment, maintenance
• QC of data passed to IAEA
• Confidence building for its members

11
Which expertise can Euratom offer ?

• Legal and Regulatory framework
• Experience with integrating new member states
  (with and without nuclear programs)
• Experience in dealing with the IAEA requirements
• Guidance for states considering a Regional Model
• Robust accountancy system-IAEA compliant-reporting
  tools developed- from Ores to waste
• Obligation accountancy- to meet bilateral
  agreements

12
Which expertise can Euratom offer ?

• AP implementation-appropriate reporting tools and
  databases developed
• Equipment development often together with the
  JRC and the IAEA-(big) customer perspective
• Training services for inspectors opening up of
  in-house or JRC training- about 40 different
  courses
• Safeguards interfaces
• nuclear security
• export controls
• illicit trafficking