Substance Use and Abuse

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Substance Use and Abuse

• Dr. Alan H. Teich
• Chap 7 - Sarafino

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Substance Abuse

• Addiction
• Physical Dependence
• Psychological Dependence
• Substance Abuse
• clear, persistent pattern of pathological use
• abuse has led to at least one of the following
• missing obligations
• putting self or others at risk
• legal difficulties
• serious social or interpersonal problems

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Why People Smoke

• Starting smoking
• Psychosocial pressures during teen years
• Regular smoking
• 4th cigarette predicts regular smoking
• Parent, sibling, or friends who smoked
• Perceived lack of parent concern
• Peer pressure
• Positive attitudes about smoking
• Attitude that smoking would not harm health
• Psychological reasons
• Heredity

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Nicotine

• Nicotine Regulation Model
• Biobehavioral Model

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Smoking Health

• Cancer
• Cardiovascular Disease
• CHD Stroke
• COPD

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Preventing Smoking

• Public Health Approaches
• School Programs
• Psychosocial Perspective
• Social Influence Approaches
• Life Skills Training

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Quitting Smoking

• Cold Turkey
• Oral substitutes
• Alone or with buddy system
• Use cognitive strategies
• Reinforcers and punishers

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Treatments for Quitting Smoking

• Rx
• Aversion therapies
• Self-management approaches

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Succeeding at Quitting Smoking

• Relapse prevention
• Stress
• Social support
• Beliefs and attributions
• lapses abstinence violation effect (AVE)
• Fears of weight gain

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Why People Use and Abuse Alcohol

• Starting to drink
• social and cultural factors
• learning
• Problem drinkers
• Heredity

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Drinking Alcohol and Health

• Problems
• Light / moderate drinking
• lower morbidity mortality

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Tx for Alcohol Abuse

• Programs abstinence or control?
• AA
• Insight Therapy
• Cognitive-Behavioral Methods

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Tx Issues

• Considerations
• Cost
• Matching Tx to the individual
• Relapse

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Drug Use and Abuse

• Types and Effects of Drugs
• Stimulants produce physiological and
  psychological arousal
• Depressants decrease arousal and increase
  relaxation
• Hallucinogens produce perceptual distortions
• Narcotics opiates that relieve pain

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Who Uses Drugs and Why?

• Age
• Gender
• Sociocultural Differences

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Preventing and Stopping Drug Abuse

• Teach resistance (Just say NO!)
• Most promising treatments include behavioral and
  cognitive methods
• For narcotic addiction, chemical treatment may be
  necessary such as methadone