INVASIVE

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INVASIVE SPECIES
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SIREX WOOD WASP
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• Pest of most southern pines, particularly
  loblolly.
• Native of Europe, Asia and North Africa.
• We have more than a dozen species of horntail
  wasp. No good keys to immature forms. Sirex is
  distinguished from native species by dark blue or
  black metallic body, reddish-yellow legs and
  all-black
• antenna.
• Problem in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont.
• Damage caused by larvae boring and tunneling in
  wood causing bleeding as shown.
• Researchers working on biocontrol using a
  nematode.
• APHIS and Forest Service are working on lures and
  traps for detection and management.

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EMERALD ASH BORER
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• Initially found in Michigan near Detroit in
• summer 2002.
• Infestations in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana,
• Illinois, Maryland and Tennessee.
• Small, bright, metallic-green, flat-headed
• borer that infests all ash trees.
• Maryland removed 20,000 ash trees to try
• to manage this pest.
• Killed 20 million trees in Michigan, Ohio
• and Indiana.
• Woodpeckers feed heavily on this pest,
• and heavy woodpecker feeding injury to
• trees is a good indicator of infestation.

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CHILI THRIP
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• Found in Florida in October 2005.
• Serious pest with a wide range of distribution
  and occurring on a wide host range including many
  crops. Economically important on strawberries,
  citrus, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, tomatoes and
  grapes.
• Recorded on more than 100 hosts in 40 different
  families.
• Capable of spreading tomato spotted wilt virus on
  peanuts, tobacco streak virus, peanut necrosis
  virus, and peanut chlorotic fan virus.
• Adult chili thrips have a pale body and dark
  wings. This is a very small thrip.
• Reproduction is both sexually and
  parthenogenically.
• Appears to be spreading via Knock Out roses.
  Primarily a foliage feeder causing crinkling,
  bronzing and defoliation of infested plants.
• Attacks primarily the new growth. If infestation
  is suspected, send samples of 5 to 6
  four-to-five-inch cuttings from the terminals of
  new growth. Place them in a zip-lock bag and send
  in. Do not put in envelope alone.

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EGGS
CACTUS MOTH
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• Found in Florida in 1989.
• Range continues to expand along the Atlantic
• and Gulf Coasts.
• Found as far north as Charleston, South
• Carolina, and as far west as Mobile, Alabama.
• Moth has grayish forewings and white hind
• wings. The larva is brightly colored and
• striped black and orange. Feeds on the ears or
• pods of Opuntia cactus under a silk webbing.
• Eggs are laid on top of each other forming a
• chain that resembles the spines on the cactus.
• There is no satisfactory chemical management.
• Several known parasites are being studied for
• biocontrol.

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LAC LOBATE SCALE
YOUNG
ADULTS
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• Found in Florida in 1999.
• Has been reported from several hosts and
• locations in Florida.
• Possibly a pest as it infest several tropical
  and
• subtropical fruits and many ornamentals.
• The resinous secretions of the scale produce a
• very important product known as shellac, the
• base for varnish.
• Young are light to dark reddish brown in color.
• The shape is globose with 4 lobes.
• Young more globose than adults.
• Young individuals usually appear as flat bow
• ties.
• Adults are hard to control because of thick
• resinous covering.
• 190 woody hosts in Florida.

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WHITE WAX SCALE
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• Ceroplastes destructor has 1 to 2 generations
  per year.
• Development depends on several factors,
  including
• host species, temperature and water
  availability.
• Mortality is density dependent, density of
  parasitoids
• and predators, and prolonged periods of extreme
  
• temperatures.
• No known males reproduction is probably
• parthenogenic.
• Eggs are laid in protected concave chambers
  beneath
• the females.
• They lay between 37 and 6,400 eggs, averaging
  between
• 1,750 and 1,775.
• Oviposition occurs over 10 to 14 days.
• Immatures tend to settle on the foliage while
  later
• stages move to the young twigs and branches and
  remain
• there through the remainder of their
  development.
• Requires 5 month to develop.
• Early stages are easier to control because
  adults have
• accumulated heavy wax covering the body.

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BAMBOO MEALY BUG
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• First found in Orange County, Florida, in 2002.
• Only infests bamboo.
• Mealybug is grayish pink to red in color and
• lacks lateral wax filaments but body is covered
  
• with a fine, powdery wax.
• Found beneath the sheaths of bamboo.
• It is native to warmer climates and possibly
  will
• have multiple generations per year.
• Heavy infestations of this mealybug have the
• potential to cause abortion of shoots.
• Found in Australasian and Oriental Regions and
• Orange County, Florida.

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JAPANESE WAX SCALE
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• Brownish purple wax-covered female has tiny legs
  and a
• thick wax covering.
• No known males.
• Nymphs secrete wax tufts forming a star.
• Sever infestations of Japanese wax scale detract
  from
• the host plants appearance because of the many
  white
• scales and copious amounts of honeydew they
  excrete
• and sooty mold development similar to Florida
  wax scale.
• Found from Florida to Maryland.
• Host include azalea, blueberry, camellia,
  Chinese elm,
• citrus, fig, Chinese holly, yaupon, jasmine,
  mulberry, pear,
• persimmon, plum, quince, Turks cap and other
  plants.
• Once feeding begins, they begin to secrete wax.
• Scales mature over the summer and overwinter as
  adults.
• Control is difficult unless treated in early
  stages due to
• buildup of wax on scales body.
• Multiple applications may be needed because
  immatures emerge
• over a 2-to-3 week period.

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WOOLY WHITE FLY
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• Serious pest of citrus and occasionally found in
• trumpet flower.
• Found in Jefferson and Plaquemine parishes in
  2007.
• Dense colonies of immatures are the most
  conspicuous
• sign of an infestation.
• Immatures are covered by a mass of wax filaments
• covering the surface superficially, resembling
  a tangled
• mass of wool.
• Adults are small about 1/8 inch or less. Stems,
• foliage and ground under infestations get
  covered with
• sooty mold due to the high honeydew excretions.
• Honeydew can be observed dripping through the
  mass
• covering the immatures.
• Ants tend these populations for the honeydew
  and can
• reduce natural controls.
• The parasite Eretmocerus jimenezi has been
  collected
• from the infestations in Jefferson Parish.
  Louisiana is a new
• state and distribution record for this parasite
  and the
• white fly.

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GIANT WHITE FLY
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• Eggs are oviposited in a spiral pattern, and
• white wax is deposited over each egg.
• Crawlers tend to remain within the egg spiral
• and settle down to begin feeding.
• The 4th instar secretes long, glassy filaments
• of wax that hang down from the leaf surface 10
• to 12 inches.
• Adult males are noted by the long claspers at
  the
• end of the abdomen.
• Populations may be so dense as to take your
• breath away when disturbed.
• The entire broad leaf surface of ginger plants
• can be completely covered by nymphs and adults.
• Life cycle requires about 35 days.
• Systemics do a good job of management and can
• be supplemented with ultra fine oils when
• sprayed.
• Adults have mottled wings and are very large.

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BLACK FLY
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• Initially found in Louisiana in 2002 in
  Lafourche Parish in
• small populations that were easily managed.
  Since the
• hurricanes many orchards were unmanaged and the
• black fly population has exploded in Lafourche,
• Plaquemine, Terrebonne and Vermilion parishes.
• Parasitoids work well to manage this pest but
  will have
• to be brought in.
• Black flies infest citrus, mango, kumquat and
  pink
• trumpet. They tend to infest the lower part of
  the trees.
• At emergence the adults are bright red with the
  front of
• the head pale yellow. After 24 hours they turn
  slate
• blue. Both the nymphs and eggs are black.
• Eggs are laid in a spiral. Each female can lay 2
  to 3
• spirals of 28 to 34 eggs .
• Eggs hatch in 5 to 9 days depending on
  temperature.
• Black fly nymphs are fed on by lady beetles,
  spiders and
• lacewing larvae.

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FIRE ANTS
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• Fire ants are the number one pest in Louisiana.
  They are
• beneficial to crops like sugarcane and cotton
  because they feed on
• problem pests and help to reduce the number of
  sprays applied.
• The use of insect growth regulators such as
  Esteem, Extinguish,
• Award, Extinguish Plus and Firestrike use the
  fire ants foraging
• capabilities to manage it. These materials are
  safe, effective and
• economical for the homeowner and farmer. These
  are not
• insecticides but sterilants that sterilize the
  colony and the
• queen so the colony dies from lack of
  replacement workers.
• Once the queen is sterilized the colony
  gradually declines over 2 to 6 weeks
• depending on the product used. When treating
  large areas, spreaders
• can be borrowed from county agents for
  application. These materials are used
• at 1 to 1 ½ pounds per acre.
• Other insecticides can be used to manage fire
  ants also. They
• can be broadcast or used as mound treatments
  and are as
• effective when used properly. Materials such as
  Talstar, Advion,
• Top Choice and many others can be broadcast
  like the baits or
• Orthene and Indoxicarb can be used to treat
  individual mounds
• very effectively.

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