Hany H. Ammar

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Cloud Computing Benefits and Challenges A Key
Note Presentation The 20th International
Conference on Computer Theory and Applications
(ICCTA 2010) , Alexandria, Egypt , October 24,
2010

• Hany H. Ammar
• LANE Department of Computer Science and
  Electrical EngineeringWest Virginia University,
  Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,

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OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Examples of Campus clouds
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
• What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions

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Our Research Team on Cloud Computing

• Faculty
• Dr. Matthew Valenti, West Virginia University
• Dr Abdelkarim Erradi, Qatar University
• Prof. Fatma Omara, Dr. hesham Hassan, Dr Sherif
  Khattab, Dr Osama Ismael, Cairo University
• Dr. Walid AbdelMoez, Arab Academy of Science and
  Techology, Alexandria, Egypt
• Students
• Mohammed Said Saleh, Markous M. Yassa, Sana
  AbdulJalil, Amr Mahmoud

Cloud
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What is Cloud Computing
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What is Cloud Computing

• Resource availability is a key factor to achieve
  prosperity of any society,
• Particularly important are computing resources
• To attain their full potential, computing
  resources need to be efficiently utilized
  preferably in an aggregated manner.
• The demand for computing resources can now be met
  by utility computing, grid computing, and most
  recently cloud computing.

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What is Cloud ComputingUtility Computing

• Utility computing providers rent capacity on
  computing resources that they maintain
• Metered computing analogous to electric power
  (Pay per use)
• Resources often virtualized and shared by
  multiple tenants
• Example Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated
  60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for
  24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use option
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web
  service provides resizable compute capacity in
  the cloud
• Designed to make web-scale computing easier for
  developers.

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What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud
computing

• Cloud computing not only provides raw computing
  resources, but also hosts the applications that
  use these resources.
• Applications usually accessed via a web browser.
• User data typically stored on provider's file
  systems.
• Underlying computing infrastructure concealed
  from user.
• Example gmail servers are concealed from users
• Cloud Computing middleware systems are available
  for building clouds and their applications (e.g.,
  Eucalyptus and Hadoop)

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What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid
Computing

• A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled
  computing servers.
• Usually co-located.
• A computing grid is a distributed collection of
  computing servers.
• While the servers may be dedicated resources,
  they could be borrowed from idle desktop
  computers.
• A grid middleware system is needed to support the
  development and assessment of service-oriented
  grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C)
  http//www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_CO
  LAB_Sept2007.pdf

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OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Examples of Campus clouds
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
• What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions

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Example University of Florida Campus Grid
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Example University of California Campus Grid
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What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community
Computing

• Community computing projects assemble a grid of
  donated CPU resources using volunteers idle
  cycles
• Example The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an
  Open-source software for volunteer computing and
  grid computing.
• BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to
  science projects like SETI_at_home,
  Climateprediction.net, Rosetta_at_home,
  Folding_at_home, World Community Grid, and many,
  Folding_at_home (http//boinc.berkeley.edu/download.p
  hp)
• Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority
  process (linux)

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What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing

• Resource Sharing
• Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across
  organization.
• Cloud provide resources according to demand so no
  actual sharing of resources due to the isolation
  through virtualization
• Virtualization
• Grid virtualization covers both data and
  resources (flat file and database).
• Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources
  too
• Security
• Grid security is not seriously explored.
• Cloud Each user has a unique access to the
  virtualized environment

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What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing

• Usability
• Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment
  details from the user.
• Grid hard to manage
• Payment model
• Cloud use pay- per use model.
• Grid fixed rate per service.
• Scalability
• Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability
• Heterogeneity
• Both cloud and grid support aggregation of
  heterogonous hardware and software.

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OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Examples of Campus clouds
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
• What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions

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Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing is a model that supports
  everything as a service (XaaS), e.g, the X
  changes to an I for,
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Physical resource set (PRS) is hardware
dependent or vendor dependent Virtual resource
set (VRS) is built on top of PRS to run in
multivendor cloud
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Infrastructure-as-a-Service Providers
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Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Platform as a service (PaaS) Java or .NET

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Platform as a service Providers
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Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Software as a service (SaaS) e.g Gmail, Google
  Docs, Matlab,

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Software-as-a-Service Providers.
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Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Human as a service (HaaS) Amazon Mechanical Turk
  (MTurk) is one of the suites of Amazon Web
  Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that
  enables computer programs to coordinate the use
  of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs)
  which computers are unable to do
• Workers can work on-line and make money by
  choosing from thousands of posted HITs.

• US-based CrowdFlower has introduced a cloud labor
  service that connects organizations searching
  for temporary workers to refugees in Kenya , The
  iPhone app helps a business outsource a basic
  task, such finding a phone number for marketing
  departments
• at various companies and entering them into a
  spread sheet. Workers in Kinya have completed
  158,000 tasks, individuals earn as much as
  28/week, 8 times what they get from typical jobs
  in a refugee camp

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Human-as-a-Service Providers
In India Cloud Computing is projected to grow
from a 50 Million industry in 2009 to a 15
Billion Industry in 2013 S. Greengard Cloud
Computing and Developing Nations, Communications
of the ACM, May 2010.
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Benefits of Cloud ComputingThe Big Picture of
the Cloud Layered Architecture
Fig Cloud Stack
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Benefits of Cloud Computing

• The Provided services in the Cloud are the
  following
• Virtualized physical resources,
• Virtualized infrastructure,
• Virtualized middleware platforms
• Virtualized business applications
• Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced
  hardware on the clients side
• Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and
  virtually have the processing power of an
  expandable Grid computing system
• No need to buy a set of software or software
  licenses
• Data is no longer confined to the user's hard
  drive, will be able to access data and
  applications from anywhere at any time. There is
  no more lost data due to hard drive failures
• Corporations would save money on IT support, and
  No need for space to house expensive hardware and
  software servers.

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OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Examples of Campus clouds
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
• What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions

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Challenges of Cloud Computing

• Providing Support for both Service Users and
  Service Providers

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Challenges of Cloud Computing

• Service Providers Development Services, or Build
  and Test Services,
• Software Engineering Methodologies and tools
• How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle
  Management
• The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain
  clouds, control costs, manage security, or
  supplement resources during peak use
• Service Users easily usable clouds, hiding the
  deployment details from the user using
  virtualization,
• Security and privacy are the biggest concerns
• Cost accounting data , and usage tracking for
  Multiple Clouds. if the utility models were
  adequate, the challenges to cloud
• Computing could be solved with electricity-like
  solutions, but they can not
• Brynjolfsson et al, Communications of the ACM,
  May 2010

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Challenges of Cloud Computing Build and Test
Workflow, Challenges at all three levels
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Challenges of Cloud Computing Build and Test
Tasks Require complex environments
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Challenges of Cloud ComputingModel-Driven Design
Interdisciplinary Development teams End-to-End
Collaboration Change Management Konstantinou
et al propose an approach and architecture for
composition and deployment of virtual software
services in cloud environments. VTDC09, June 15,
2009, Barcelona, Spain., ACM 978-1-60558-580-2/09/
06
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Challenges of Cloud ComputingCloud Management
and Control
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Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of
Current Support for IaaS

• Apache Hadoop A Java software framework that
  supports data-intensive distributed applications
  and enables applications to work with thousands
  of nodes and large amounts of data.
  http//hadoop.apache.org/
• Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once
  installed on a cluster, provides an
  infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client
  via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service
  APIs, http//www.nimbusproject.org/

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Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of
Current Support AbiCloud Supports SaaS
http//abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home
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Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of
Current Support enStratus Supports SaaS,
ReliaCloud Supports IaaS

• enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing
  cloud infrastructures across multiple providers
• http//www.enstratus.com/
• enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing
  management of transactional database applications
  in clouds like Amazon Web Services and
  ReliaCloud.
• The main features of enStratus include cloud
  security and availability management.
• ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed
  within a virtualization environment that is
  architected to maximize uptime and performance.
  http//www.reliacloud.com/

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Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of
Current Support for PaaS and IaaS

• Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service
  operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud
  Compute Utility provides access to a substantial
  computing resource over the Internet for US1 per
  CPU-hour.
• The Rackspace Cloud is a web application
  hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites")
  that bills on a utility computing basis. It has
  branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files")
  and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"),
  http//www.rackspacecloud.com/
• Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and
  managing on-demand applications and workloads in
  the cloud.
• http//www.kaavo.com/home

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OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Examples of Campus Clouds
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
• What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions

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Making the case for Campus Clouds

• College Campuses maintain significant
  Infrastructure of computing resources in
  computing Labs
• This infrastructure is under utilized (many
  students use laptops and Net Books)
• Service Providers and Users are in need for
  inexpensive computing resources

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Making the case for Campus Clouds

• Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating
  the computing resources of multiple college
  campuses would provide the following benefits
• Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service
  providers and businesses
• Providing students with an environment for
  learning the concepts of cloud computing
• Providing college systems maintenance team
  (professionals and students) with the experience
  of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud
  users
• Provides stronger ties between academia and
  industry
• Motivates the Industry to invest in academic
  computing resources
• Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds

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Conclusions

• Cloud computing has emerged to provide
  inexpensive on-demand pay per use computing
  resources
• Cloud computing is closely related to grid
  computing and utility computing.
• Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are
  needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based
  Service-Oriented Engineering)
• Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of
  cloud computing users and developers
• Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing
  resources, enhance student learning, strengthen
  ties with Industry, and enhance academic
  research.

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