The Disjointed CRM

1
The Disjointed CRM
2
1960s Urban Areas

• Most A.A. lived in inner core of urban areas
• Conditions slums ghettos due to white flight
• Officials authorities mostly white men
• Racial tensions as CRM challenge equality
• Urban Riots Harlem 1964 Watts 1965

3
New Leader Splits CRM 1964

• As violent responses from white Southerners
  , SNCC/CORE members want more aggressive
  militant tactics
• Malcolm X new CRM leader
• Studied teachings of Elijah Muhamad, head of
  Nation of Islam, while jailed
• Became Islamic minister (changed name from
  Malcolm Little said it was a slave name)
• Preached armed self-defense for A.A.

4
- Malcolm XFeb. 1964

• Concerning nonviolence it is criminal to teach
  a man not to defend himself when is the constant
  victim of brutal attacks. It is legal and lawful
  to own a shotgun or a rifle. We believe in
  obeying the law . . . The time has come for the
  American Negro to fight back in self-defense
  whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and
  unlawfully attacked.

5
Malcolm Xs Change of Heart

• Mar. 1964 went on pilgrimage to Mecca
• learned orthodox Islam preached racial equality
• Returned w/radically new attitude
• Advocated new slogan Ballots or Bullets
• Use voting right to make a difference rather than
  a gun
• Assassinated Feb. 21, 1965 by radical Nation of
  Islam members

6
SNCC/CORE vs. SCLC

• 1966 - SNCC/CORE members who followed early
  Malcolm Xs views conflicted w/passive resistance
  of MLK SCLC members
• Stokely Carmichael Black Power
• Demand equality now
• Developed A.A. pride in culture heritage
• Became battle-cry of militant SNCC

7
Black Panthers Oct.66

• New political party - Oakland, CA
• Fight back against police brutality
• Self-sufficiency in A.A. communities
• Preached defiance of Vietnam draft
  (disproportionate of A.A. drafted)

• Supported communism preached for a violent
  revolt.
• Helped A.A. in urban areas w/poverty w/daycares,
  food programs free med. clinics

8
1968 Assassinations

• MLK in Memphis supporting striking garbage
  workers
• MLK assassinated on motel balcony by James Earl
  Ray (sniper rifle) Apr. 3

• 100 cities rioted
• Robert Kennedy (running for Prez.) pledged to
  cont. CRM fight
• Assassinated June 6, - Ambassador Hotel CA
• RFK

9
CRM Influences Others

• United Farm Workers 1960s
• Cesar Chavez wanted agri. workers to unionize to
  improve work conditions gain benefits
• Nonviolent led boycott against Cal. grape
  growers
• American Indian Movement 1968
• Womens Movement 1960s 1970s
• Inequality in society pay discrim.
• Vietnam War Protests
• Gay Rights 1970s

10
Legacy

• Hold more political offices
• Greater pride in racial identity
• More A.A. in starring roles in movies t.v.
  (1970s present)

• Unfinished work
• in poverty
• of h.s. drop outs college grads.
• in management positions
• in jails

11
Summarize Highlight

• Recap what you have learned about the changes,
  challenges legacy the civil rights movement
  experienced during the 1960s and beyond.
• Highlight!!