Pharmacological Agents

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Pharmacological Agents

• What does NSAIDs stand for?
• What does anti-pyretic mean?
• What does OTC stand for?
• What is a brand name for acetaminophen?
• Who should you contact if you have a question
  about a pharmacological agent?

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Terms

• Analgesics- agents that relieves pain
• Anti-pyretic- fever reducerAction- how
  medication works in the body
• Dose- specific amount to take at one time or
  intervals other information about what you can
  take medication with or without take with food,
  take on full/empty stomach
• Indication- symptoms of why you would take a
  medication

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Terms Continue

• NSAIDs Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
• Side Effects- things that could happen to your
  body while taking a medication
• Warnings- cautions/red flags to look out for
  while taking a medication
• Rx- prescription

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Analgesics

• Anti-Inflammatory Action-reducing inflammation,
  pain and fever by inhibiting chemicals in the
  body that produce tissue irritation and cause
  inflammation
• Indication- used to reduce pain, fever,
  inflammation caused by injury, headache, dental
  pain, flu, colds, menstrual cramps, and itis
  conditions.
• Types- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), Ketoprofen
  (Orudis KT), Relafen, Naproxen, Naproxen Sodium
  (Aleve) and Anaprox, and Daypro.
• Dose-Varies with type of NSAID

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Acetaminophen

• Action- reduces fever and pain
• Indication- used for fever and pain doesnt
  reduce inflammation
• Types- Acetaminophen (Tylenol- various types)
• Dose- Varies with type- usually 2 500 mg tablets
  every 4-6 hours dont exceed 8 in 24 hour period

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Salicylates

• Action-act as an analegesic, anti-inflammatory,
  and anti-pyretic
• Indications- used for fever, pain, and
  inflammation conditions due to injury or other
  conditions
• Types- Aspirin (Bayer, Empirin, and ZoRprin (RX))
• Dose- Varies with type 2-325 mg every 4 hours,
  do not exceed 12 in a 24 hour period
• Warning- DO NOT give to children and teenagers
  (under 16) b/c of aspirin sensitive conditions
  like Reyes Syndrome do not give to this
  population after or during chickenpoxs or flu
  symptoms
• May not want to avoid the 1st 24-48 hrs post
  injury b/c of aspirins vasodilatation properties

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Central Nervous System Agents

• Muscle Relaxants Action-affect nerves that cause
  muscle tension or spasm
• Indication- helps relieve muscle discomfort due
  to injury muscle relaxants should not substitute
  rehab and rest needed to heal an injury.
• Types- Skelaxin, Paraflex, Norflex, and Zanaflex
  all are Rx
• Dose-Varies with type

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Anti-Infective Agents

• Antibiotic
• Action- various depends on the particular
  anti-biotic but basically inhibits bacterial
  production/growth
• Indication- used to treat infections caused by
  bacteria It is important to take the full course
  to prevent a recurrence of infection.

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Anti-Infective Agents- Cont

• Types- Oral prescription medications that ends
  in cillin (Amoxicillin, Penicillin), cin
  (Erythromycin), and cycline (tetracycline- treats
  acne) are all anti-biotics that are common in
  athletics.
• Topical agents are Bacitracin, Triple Antibiotic
  Ointment/Mycitracin/ Neosporin (Polymyxin B
  Sulfate, Neomycin Base, Bacitracin)
• Dose-Varies with type

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Anti-fungal

• Action - used to treat fungi by interfering with
  the formation of the cell membrane of the fungi.
  
• Indication- used for tinea curis and pedis and
  ringworm. It is important to take the full
  course to prevent a recurrence of infection.
• Types- Antifungal topical OTC and prescription
  medications that are common are as follows
  Tinactin, Lotrimin, Lamisil Cream
• Dose-Varies with type

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Reference

• Taken From
• Martin, Malissa and Yates, William N. Jr.
  (1998).Therapeutic Medications in Sports
  Medicine. Baltimore, MD Williams Wilkins.