Cleaning up Hong Kong's Harbour

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Cleaning up Hong Kong's Harbour
T.W.G.Hs. Li Ka Shing College
F.6A Lau Cheuk Ming
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Introduction

• Cleaning up Hong Kongs Harbour is important
  for the protection of public health, for the
  marine environment, and to help to realize the
  vision of sustaining Hong Kong as one of the
  worlds great cities. The harbour is at the heart
  of the city. Its health and attractiveness help
  to shape the health and attractiveness of the
  city around it.

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From the view of pollution to see HK

• Hong Kong has 235 islands and an 800km long
  coastline. Hong Kong has valuable marine resource
  to cultivate the economic development, let Hong
  Kong be a well-known, international and momentous
  city. So far, the relationship between the ocean
  and the human being are closely. The humans
  centrally settled along the coast in earlier
  period. Nowadays, the population increase
  rapidly, many new infrastructure are developed
  and a great-size reclamation is processing, show
  that Hong Kong has developed rapidly.

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• It gives a great pressure on marine
  environment. A healthy marine environment not
  only be a habitat of marine organisms, but also
  be a humans valuable resource. Hong Kong is
  famous in seafood. It attracts many foreign
  people to Hong Kong every year. The ocean
  provides us lots of benefits but how do we treat
  it?

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Policy challenges

• A policy for controlling water pollution
  needs to specify the level of water quality
  desired and what measures should be adopted to
  achieve this goal. Various problems, including
  incomplete information about the costs and
  benefits of pollution abatement, make it
  difficult to determine the optimal level of water
  quality in terms of economic efficiency.
  Therefore, the choice is often made based on
  other criteria, such as human health concerns or
  the protection of current uses of the water.

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The marine environment problem

• 1. The process of coastal reclamation in Hong
  Kong made the marine environment to face a great
  menace. As Hong Kong is shortage of land, the
  population increase rapidly, and the development
  of housing, infrastructure, and other facilities
  continue to give a great pressure on the supply
  of land. The Government plans to reclaim 1287
  hectare along the coast. If the whole reclamation
  plans all carry out, the distance between the
  both sides of Victoria Harbour will shorten to
  880m.

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• The process of reclamation needs to dig out
  the sand from the coast and make a new piece of
  land. The process of digging out the sand would
  turn out the deposit from the seabed. It makes
  the seawater to become muddy and turbid, fishes
  and other organism lived on the seabed may die by
  suffocation. Moreover, the process of reclamation
  changes the natural coastline it affects the
  movement of seawater, and has a great possibility
  to let the quality of seawater become more badly.

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• In 20th centenary, Hong Kong needs to manage
  over 20 million cm3 toxic sand, it mainly comes
  from the process of reclamation. The Government
  decides to set up a zone of dumping sand at the
  boundary of habitat of Chinese-White-Dolphin. It
  would be a serious and toxic menace to the
  dolphin and other marine organisms. Furthermore,
  digging out a large hole on the ocean floor
  deposit the sewage sand, it damages the seabed
  environment. If people eat the contaminative
  sea-born organisms, it will harms for our health.

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• 2. The wastage pollution is also a great
• concern in Hong Kong. The water
• boundary of Hong Kong bears a large
• amount of not fully treated industrial and
  
• residential sewage water. The sewage
• water collected from the public sewage
• water pipe, only 80 of sewage water has
• First Degree treatment. The quality of
• water in water decrease gradually, it
  would
• have a negative impact to the health of
• people and the marine organism.

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• 3. The solid wastes throw by the public is also a
  great concern in Hong Kong. People who lived on
  the boat and ship always throw the rubbish to the
  sea due to their own convenience and the company
  often put the toxic and unused materials into the
  ocean, it is the reason that it is costly of
  treating those materials. They are all selfish.
  lt damages the sea view of Hong Kong. Moreover,
  the beaches and the sea-born organisms are also
  polluted. At the end, the result bears by
  ourselves.

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• 4.The wastage water may cause the occurrences of
  red tide. The massive number of algae will
  consume a large amount of oxygen in the water
  during the night such that fish, especially those
  cultured in cages, will die of oxygen depletion.
  Also, some algal species may produce mucus or
  toxins which damage the fish gills and impair the
  fish's ability to respire. The fish may also die
  of suffocation.

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• Furthermore, the fisherman may suffer a
  great loss because of the death of fish. Numbness
  of the lips, tongue or limbs, headache and
  dizziness commonly occur within 30 minutes after
  consumption of the contaminated seafood because
  shellfish can accumulate these algal biotoxins
  such that they become toxic to humans.

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• 5.The several leakages of oil and the
  incineration on the sea also polluted the
  seawater. It may cause the shortage of drink
  water or leaving some toxic substance behind, it
  affects the environment of ecology in long term.
  For example, the coral fish contain ciguatoxin,
  which is poisonous to our health.

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Measures should be taken so far in the harbour
areas are

• There is no one single measure that will clean
  up the harbour. A range of infrastructure,
  programmes and measurement have to be put in
  place and maintained if sustained improvement in
  the quality of the harbour is to be achieved.

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In the Government side

• 1. Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme
• It collects sewage from the entire Kowloon
  urban area and northeast Hong Kong Island by 6
  deep sewage collection tunnels, to a centralized
  chemically enhanced primary treatment works at
  Stonecutters Island for treatment.

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• It is intended to provide a sewage collection,
  treatment and disposal system in stages for these
  discharges in order to protect Victoria Harbour
  and the surrounding Hong Kong and Mainland water.
  It prevents the direct exposure of sewage water
  to the ocean. The first stage of the scheme is
  completed, the following stages is in process, it
  have shown that the scheme is effective.

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• 2. Improvement of water pollution technology and
  mechanism
• For instance, the Anaerobic Biological
  Treatment Technology for High Strength Organic
  Wastewater, Oxidation Pound for Sewage Treatment,
  and Technology and Equipment for Industrial
  Wastewater with High Strength Toxic and Hazardous
  Organic Pollutant.
• These programs aim to minimize the pollutants
  in water before entering to the sea.

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• 3. To charge sewage charges (SC) and
• the trade effluent surcharge (TES),
• to achieve the polluter pay
• principle.
• The SC aims at recovering the cost of
• collecting and treating wastewater at
• or below domestic strength. The TES
• aims at recovering the additional cost
• of treating trade effluent with
• pollution level exceeding domestic
  sewage.

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• The sewage-charging scheme which links the
  sewage charges (i.e. the costs of collecting,
  treating and disposing of sewage) to the volume
  of water consumed, will make people aware of the
  "price" of producing wastewater. They will be
  encouraged to produce less wastewater and, hence,
  pay less sewage charges.

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• 4. Source control
• Set up industrial estate, industrial
• zone and new town that it can
• concentrate the zone of emitting great
  amount wastage water and control the source of
  wastage water. The Government can set up law and
  regulations that limit or regulate the emission
  of wastage water and the quality of water should
  reach the prescript level.

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• 5. The program of re-using the sewage water
  
• It is costly to buy drink water from the
  
• mainland, and the availability of drink
  water used in the world is also reducing. There
  is wastage of using drink water to clean the road
  and flush the toilet. The amount of domestic
  sewage is large, but the pollution level is low.
  Nowadays, with the improvement of technology, the
  polluted water can be reused after the treatment
  of wastage water.

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• It not only reduces the emission of wastage
  water to the sea, but also an efficient use of
  water resource. For example, Triangle School
  Wastewater Treatment Facility in Chatham County,
  North Carolina

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• 6. The promotion work and education
• Efficient use the media such as radio,
  television and the Internet, be the promotion
  tool, to increase the strength of promotion
  works.
• It aims increase the sense of efficient use
  the resource of the whole society and the sense
  of protecting the environment, especially in
  creating the sense of proper use

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• the water, willing to undertake a part of
  expense of the treatment of wastage water. Put
  the relevant knowledge into the education of
  primary and secondary syllabus, that enhance the
  awareness and charge the behavior of the public
  towards waste prevention and recovery. For
  example, tree planting, waste recovery pilot
  scheme and student environment protection
  ambassador scheme.

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In the citizen side

• 1.  Reducing the use of water
• We can avoid the unnecessary use of water.
  For instance, when you take a bath, it is better
  to use the shower instead of using bathtub we
  can use the wastage water to plant and sweep the
  floor .It can efficiently reduce the amount of
  using water. Moreover, we encourage using the
  biodegradable-cleaning agents to clean or remove
  the contamination. It can reduce the damaging
  effect on natural environment.

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• 2.  Increase the sense of protecting
• the environment
• The natural environment is a valuable
• resource for the human. If we damage it, it
  
• takes up a long period of time to recover.
• The natural environment not only serves
• for ours, but also for the generation of
• ours. The increase in sense of protecting
• the environment would beneficial to our
• generation.

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• Furthermore, the parents and the teacher are
  responsible for educating the children of
  protecting the environment. It also protects the
  valuable species of organism continue to live in.
  For example, the Chinese-White-Dolphin.

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In the firm side

• The film can co-operate to the Government.
• The reuse of the wastage water is efficient
  and profitable. Since the film consumed a lot of
  water in production, it was such a huge expense
  for them. Some reports stated that by using the
  reuse of the wastage water, it would reduce 20
  cost of using water that can increase the profit
  of the firm. Moreover, they can also invest into
  an industry like USA, with

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• the goal of managing wastewater effectively,
  economically, and ecologically, firm can renew
  the wastage water into clean water based on
  domestic uses and industrial uses. This idea has
  already been shown to effectively process
  wastewater, and at a much lower cost than pay the
  expense of consuming water. The supply of land
  can be negotiated with the Government.

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• Besides, the manufacturer and the
  agriculturist should not put the industrial waste
  and the solid waste to the sea directly, due to
  reduce the expense of treating the waste. They
  should follow the rule of regulation and law of
  treating the waste in order to protect the marine
  environment.

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The role of Student Environment Protection
Ambassador

• In fact, the role of student environment
  protection ambassador is done by action in
  improving the environment, and help to promote
  the message of environment protection, no matter
  the responds of schools or society are also very
  important. Moreover, the student environment
  protection ambassador also takes an important
  role in society.

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In the schools side

• With Cleaning up Hong Kongs Harbour be the
  main achievement of environment protection, hope
  to build up a correct concept of waste reduction,
  recycling and improving the treatment of waste
  through regular courses and different kind of
  activities.

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• 1. Done by action
• With the achievement of valuable experience
  through training, cooperate with schools to
  establish an authority of environment protection.
  It consists of teachers, students and parents,
  and with the head of student environment
  protection ambassador at the school. Let the
  other students join with the scout to clean the
  campus. Also let students know deeply about the
  policy of waste reduction, recycling the waste
  through cooperate each other.

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• Furthermore, we can cooperate with Parents and
  Teachers Associations to run activities of waste
  reduction, recycling the wastage water, and
  encourage participating the activities outside
  school that organized by the organization of
  environment protection and society.

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• It aims to bring the message of environment
  protection in outside, back to school. So
  students not only can receive the message of
  environment protection at school, but also have
  done by action at home, it aims to promote the
  message of waste reduction, and recycling the
  wastage water.

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• 2. For instance, we can organize an environment
  protection week and regular flea market.
  Moreover, we can arrange bird watching, planting
  trees and fieldwork. It aims to give students to
  have more chances that contact the natural
  environment.

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• Therefore, they can learn how to enjoy and
  protect the natural environment let everyone
  know the sense of responsibilities to protect the
  natural environment. We have to promote the
  message of waste reduction, and recycling the
  wastage water at school, encourage setting waste
  separation bin and managing

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• wastewater effectively. Besides, we have to
  negotiate with school about the relevant
  measurement and the long-term plan of waste
  reduction, and recycling the wastage water at
  school.

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• 3. The action of waste reduction, and
• recycling the wastage water
• We can discuss with teachers about
• adding the topic of waste reduction
• and recycling the wastage water in
• the civil education. Besides playing
• games, we can learn the knowledge
• from the books.

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In the society side

• We can cooperate with outside, especially in
  the streets, the private and public housing. We
  aim to increase the sense of environment
  protection and cooperate the promotion work of
  the Government through promotion. Let the citizen
  understand the present condition of waste
  reduction and recycling the wastage water
  clearly.

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• Because the citizen produces the greatest
  amount of wastage water and solid waste, if they
  cooperate, in long-term calculation, the
  Government can reduce the expense of waste
  reduction. And the student environment protection
  ambassador also takes an important role in
  society.

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• Moreover, we can cooperate with the
  organization of environment protection to
  organize waste reduction, and recycling the
  wastage water.

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• According the data, it shows that the
  Government is lack of protecting the marine
  environment and reducing the amount of the
  wastage water. Student environment protection
  ambassadors can be the assistants of the
  promotion work of the Government.

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END