East Asia

1
East Asia

• China acts as a cultural hearth in East Asia.
  Most of the regions nations have, at one time,
  been controlled by China or influenced by its
  culture

2
China
3
Early Civilization

• China was ruled by powerful families called
  dynasties. The head of the dynasty was called the
  emperor.
• China has a history of invasions. In 215 B.C.,
  the Great Wall was built (1500 miles) for
  protection, but did not work

4
(No Transcript)
5
Europeans Arrive

• China is isolated until Europeans, like Marco
  Polo, arrive in 1200s
• In 1800s, European powers seek access to Chinese
  markets
• Treaties force weak China to give Europeans
  privileges
• Chinese anger over outside control leads to 1900
  Boxer Rebellion
• Chinese militants kill Europeans, Chinese
  Christians
• stopped by multinational force

6
(No Transcript)
7
Communist Revolution

• Nationalist Party took over the government in
  1912, making the country a republic (Chiang
  Kai-shek)
• 1920s-1930s the Communist Party grows in power
  (Mao Zedong)
• Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists
  until the Communists win in 1949
• In 1949 the Communists set up the Peoples
  Republic of China
• The nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan
  creating the Republic of China

8
Economy

• China is largely rural society, agriculturally
  self-sufficient
• Only 13 of land is suitable for farming
• During communism, industrial growth stunted
• 1980s markets open and economy grows

9
Population Patterns

• One-fifth of worlds people live in China
• population is about 1.3 billion
• 70 of people live in 12 eastern provinces
• in west, 6 of nations people live on 55 of its
  land

10
Mongolia
11
Government

• Mongols are nomadic herders until Genghis Khan
  conquers Central Asia
• Mongolia becomes Communist in 1924
• remains Communist until 1989 fall of USSR
• Mongolia now moving toward democracy

12
Economy

• Many herd, manage livestock (sheep, goats,
  camels, horses, cattle)
• Developing industries while making difficult
  shift to market economy
• Soviets guided economy for 70 years, state owned
  factories

13
(No Transcript)
14
Taiwan
15
History and Culture

• Japanese take Taiwan (Formosa) in 1895 after
  victory over China
• Chinese Nationalists lose to Communists, flee to
  island in 1949
• establish Republic of China not recognized by
  China
• Population and culture is almost exclusively
  Chinese
• Most speak official language of Northern Chinese
  (Mandarin)

16
North and South Korea
17
History

• China and Japan conquer Korea throughout history
• Japan conquers Korea in 1910, rules until WWII
  defeat in 1945
• After WWII
• NK controlled by USSR
• SK controlled by U.S.
• In 1950, NK troops invade SK, begin Korean War
• 1953 treaty ends war, divides peninsula
• NK is Communist state, SK is democracy
• two nations remain hostile
• reunification discussions have begun

18
Culture

• Korea adopts many philosophical, religious ideas
  from China
• Confucian, Buddhist influences
• Both North and South Korea build huge armies
  after WWII
• Danger of war always looms2 million troops on
  both sides of border

19
(No Transcript)
20
Japan

• Japan is the economic giant of East Asia

21
Ancient Japan

• Ruled by clans
• In 1192, after a clan struggle, emperor creates
  shogun position
• shogungeneral of emperors army with military
  dictator powers
• controls officials, judges, armies picks
  governors

22
World Power

• By the early 20th century, Japan is a major power
• Expanding empire puts Japans interests in
  conflict with U.S
• U.S. occupies Japan brings political, economic
  reforms
• Japan becomes democracy
• constitutional monarchy with emperor and elected
  parliament

23
Economy

• Post-war economic boom makes Japans economy
  second in size to U.S
• 75 live in cities 60 live on 2.7 of land
• Japan imports resources to manufacture products
  for export
• exports autos, electronics, computers

24
(No Transcript)
25
Western Influences

• Popular sports are baseball, golf, sumo
  wrestling, soccer, tennis
• Most clothes are Western traditional clothes for
  special occasions
• Western music is popular, including rock,
  classical, jazz
• younger Japanese form rock bands
• Japan balances its own traditional styles with
  Western influences

26
Education

• Highly structured educational system
• students in school six days a week six weeks of
  summer vacation
• six years of elementary, three of junior high,
  three of high school
• Japan has more than 1,000 universities and
  technical schools

27
(No Transcript)