15.3 Eastern City-States

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15.3 Eastern City-States Southern Empires
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Key Idea
Cities on Africas east coast thrive on trade
with Asia, using Swahili as a trade language.
Muslim traders bring Islam to East Africa. The
Shona states, Great Zimbabwe and Mutapa in
southern Africa, control the gold trade from the
interior to the east coast.
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Overview
Swahili Great Zimbabwe Mutapa
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
From 1000 to 1500, East African city-states and
southern African empires gained wealth and power
through trade.
The country of Zimbabwe and cities such as
Mogadishu and Mombasa have their roots in this
time period.
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Setting the Stage

• 300s Kingdom of Aksum establishes trade with
  Arabia, Rome, India
• Christian kingdom
• 600s Muslims gain control of Arabia, North
  Africa the Red Sea
• End of Aksums sea trade
• Cities along the east coast flourish through
  trade across the Indian Ocean

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East Coast Trade

• 1100 Bantu peoples establish farming fishing
  villages
• Towns grow by trading with Muslim, Persian,
  Indian traders
• Traders settle in villages creation of Swahili
  language
• Bantu Arabic
• Trade Manufactured Goods (Asia) ? ? Raw
  Materials (Africa)

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Kilwa

• Rich city-state built on Indian Ocean trade
• High class society with ivory, porcelain, silk,
  gold silver
• Located at southern end of monsoonal winds from
  India Riches WHY?
• Late 1200s Kilwa conquers Sofala control of
  gold trade

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Portuguese Conquest

• 1488 Portuguese round tip of Africa
• Wanted to profit from spice silk trade of Asia
• Trade with East African states big profits
• Use cannons to conquer Africa states control of
  trade
• Establish forts to protect trade routes

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Islamic Influences

• Introduced by Muslim traders
• Growth in trade spread of religion
• Mosques built in most towns
• Most rulers convert to Islam
• Majority of people maintain traditional beliefs

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Enslavement

• Muslim merchants trade luxury goods slaves with
  East Africa
• Small amounts (1k/yr until the 1700s)
• Slaves supplied through kidnapping
• Arabia Domestic chores
• India Soldiers
• China Servants
• Ports Dock Ship workers

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Slave Trade
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Great Zimbabwe

• Empire founded on the trade of gold taxation of
  merchants
• Located a fertile plateau b/w the Zambezi
  Limpopo rivers
• Linked goldfields to coastal trading cities
• By 1450, Great Zimbabwe disappears unknown
  reasons
• Impressive ruins remain

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Great Zimbabwe
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Mutapa Empire

• Legend Mutota founds state in a fertile valley
  while looking for salt
• Mutota conquers the Shona w/ powerful army
  forces tribute
• Empire spanned Zimbabwe to Indian Ocean
• Forced conquered peoples to mine gold
• Exchange gold for luxury goods
• 1500s Portuguese influence the empire
• Install favorable ruler

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1. Explain three examples of cultural interaction
brought about by trade on the coast of East
Africa. Indicate whether the interaction had a
positive or negative effect.
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Create Swahili positive effect
Bring Islam to East Africa positive effect
Portuguese interfere in Mutapa politics,
influence ruler negative effect
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Section
Assessment
2. Compare the Portuguese who arrived in East
Africa with the rulers of the Mutapa Empire.
THINK ABOUT
how they treated other groups of people
what motivated their actions
ANSWER
Both were conquerors. Both were interested in
dominating trade and acquiring wealth. Both
tried to force other groups to do what they
wanted.
Possible Responses