TRIATHLON CANADA

1
TRIATHLON CANADA

• Level 1
• Officials
• Course

2
Competition Rules

1. Introduction pg 4-5
2. History of Triathlon pg 6-7
3. Organizational Structure pg 8-10
4. Conduct of Competitors pg 11-12
5. Rule Enforcement pg 13-20
6. Swim Conduct pg 21-22
7. Bike Conduct pg 23-30

3
Competition Rules cont

1. Run Conduct pg 31
2. Transition Conduct pg 32
3. Start / Finish Conduct pg 33
4. Role of Officials pg 34-40
5. Protests pg 41-45
6. Appeals pg 46-49
7. Uniforms Equipment pg 50

4
Introduction

• Thank you on behalf of all triathletes for
  undertaking the task of official.
• Level 1 Officials are qualified to
• Be a race official
• Be an assistant to head referee
• Enforce and report rule infractions
• The goals of the course are
• To learn Competition Rules
• To learn how to enforce rules
• All Level 1 Officials should receive
• Level 1 Manual (course notes)
• Copy of Competition Rules
• Check list for events worked / Log Book
• Level 1 Officials Card

5
Introduction cont

• Our judgment is based on the Fair Play Rule
• Respect for fellow competitors
• Respect for Officials
• Respect for the rules
• Safety first
• Even playing field
• The purpose of the Competition Rules
• Provide a safe event
• Create an event playing field
• Penalize competitors who gain an unfair advantage

6
History of Triathlon

• Triathlon begins as a X-training activity to
  reduce the risk of injury, prevent boredom, and
  increase overall fitness.
• 1st recorded triathlon Mission Bay California
  1974.
• 1st race in Canada?? 1979 Victoria, BC /
  Manitoba / Ontario. All hosted races in 1979.
• Boom in sport 1982 as world watches Julie Moss
  crawl to finish the Hawaii Ironman on ABC Wide
  World of Sports.
• International Triathlon Union formed in 1989
• ITU Competition Rules published in 1990
• Triathlon debuts in the Pan Am and Commonwealth
  Games in 1994.
• 4 distinct distances evolve
• Sprint / Short Course (Olympic) / Long Course /
  Ironman

7
History of Triathlon cont

• Triathlon debuts in Olympics in Sydney 2000
• Duathlon evolves from triathlon.
• Kids of Steel Youth Events emerge (note new
  age groups and distances for 2001)
• ITU hosts World Championships in Triathlon and
  Duathlon each year. There is also a World Cup
  Series and various Points Races.
• Triathlon Canada recognizes and supports Off-Road
  triathlon with a national championship.

8
Organizational Structure

• ITU

Triathlon Canada
Sub-Committees
National Federations
Sub-Committees
Provincial Governing Bodies
Sub-Committees
Clubs
9
Organizational Structure

• ITU
• World governing body
• Sanctions World cup and World Championship events
• Conducts selection of athletes to Games
• NFs
• National Federations govern sport at national
  level
• Sanction national events
• Provide athlete development at elite level
• Liaison to the ITU
• PGBs
• Govern sport at provincial level
• Sanction provincial triathlon and duathlon
  events.
• Provide athlete development at all levels
• Liaison to clubs/members

10
Organizational Structure

• NATIONAL OFFICIALS PROGRAM
• Level 1 official
• knows competition rules
• qualified official or assistant head referee
• Qualified to enforce and report rule infractions
• Level 2 Official
• Prerequisite of level 1 certification
• Knows competition rules
• Knows Operations Manual
• Qualified head referee, race director, technical
  delegate
• Qualified to teach Level1 clinics
• Level 3 Official
• Prerequisite of Level 2 certification
• Qualified official for national events
• Qualified to teach Level 2 clinics

11
Conduct of Competitors

• Health
• Any competitor who appears to present a danger to
  the health and welfare of themselves, another
  competitor, official, or spectator may be removed
  from the competition.
• Doping
• Competitors must comply with ITU doping standards
  (see competition rules)

12
Conduct of Competitors

• Good Sportsmanship
• Responsible for own safety
• Know the competition rules
• Obey traffic regulations and/or officials
• Respect for fellow competitors, officials, rules
• No abusive language
• Inform officials after withdrawing from race
• If a rule is violated inform officials

13
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• A proactive approach should be used to enforce
  the rules so infractions can be penalized in the
  course of the race.
• Rules enforced by
• Race Official
• Warnings
• Stop / Start penalties
• Reports / recommendations for DQs
• Head Referee
• Disqualifications
• ITU, NF or PGB
• Suspensions and expulsions

14
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• Warnings
• It is not mandatory to give a warning prior to
  issuing a penalty or reporting a violation.
• It is the discretion of the official to issue a
  warning
• A warning may be given when
• The violation appears unintentional and can be
  corrected after a warning
• A race official believes a violation is about to
  occur

15
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• Stop Start Penalty (yellow card)
• This is an on the spot penalty issued by an
  official usually on the cycle course, however an
  athlete may be asked to stop forward progress at
  any point during the race.
• During the cycle portion a competitor who appears
  to be drafting, blocking, or unsafe is asked to
  stop and get completely off the bike (both feet
  on same side of bike) and wait for the official
  to signal them to proceed.

16
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• Disqualification
• Not mandatory an official give warning before
  writing a recommendation for disqualification.
• A competitor may still complete the race if
  official indicated recommended disqualification
  (red card)
• A competitor may appeal a DQ
• DQs are awarded by the HR as a result of a
  report made by an official, or the upholding of a
  protest.
• A race official makes yellow and red card
  violation calls by
• Blowing a whistle
• Calling out the competitor race
• Showing the red or yellow card

17
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• A competitor may be DQd for
• Abusive language towards anyone
• Blocking, charging, drafting, and jeopardizing
  the health and safety of others.
• Failure to follow prescribed course
• Accepting assistance from anyone else other than
  a race official
• Refusing to follow instructions from an official
• Not wearing the unaltered race number provided
• Unsportsmanlike conduct.

18
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• Suspension and Expulsion
• Recommended when
• Conduct is of a violent or severe nature
• Fraud assumed name, age, etc.
• Using artificial performance enhancing substances
• Repeat violations
• Awarded at the national or international level
  by
• The Executive Board on the recommendation of the
  Technical committee
• Violations can be reported by the Head Referee,
  through the TD to the Technical committee

19
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• Violation Report
• Written report concerning an observed violation
  that requests the disqualification, suspension,
  or expulsion of a competitor.
• Submitted by a race official to the Head Referee
  because
• Abusive language directed towards the official,
  spectator, or another competitor.
• Blatant disregard for the rules
• Refusal to follow the directions of an official
• Blatant cutting of the course.

20
RULE ENFORCEMENT

• Penalty Notification
• All penalties awarded by the violation report and
  upheld by the Head Referee will be posted on the
  Penalties Notice Board in a clearly visible
  area near the finish line or post race area.
• An athlete may appeal the decision by the Head
  Referee to the competition jury at a cost of
  50.00 which will be refunded if the appeal is
  successful
• A suspension may result from the ruling of the
  HR
• The HR may advise the provincial, national or
  international associations of the recommendation
  for suspension or expulsion who must then notify
  the competitor within 30 days.

21
SWIM CONDUCT

• General Rules
• Competitor responsible for staying on course
• Any stroke may be used
• May stand on the bottom but forward progress is
  via swim stroke only.
• Raise arm for emergency assistance. If assistance
  accepted the competitor must retire from race
• No propulsive devises allowed
• No wetsuit bottom without tops
• Competitor must wear swim cap provided
• Wetsuits must not exceed 5mm thickness
• A ruling on wetsuits is made 24hrs prior to start
  with a final ruling 1 hour prior.

22
SWIM CONDUCT

• The use of wetsuits will be determined by the
  following tables for age group Juniors

Swim Length Forbidden Above Mandatory Below Maximum Stay
0 1500m 22C 14C 1hr 10min
1501-3000m 23C 15C 1hr 40min
3000-4000m 24C 16C 2hr 15min
23
BIKE CONDUCT

• General Rules
• Approved helmets are mandatory
• Helmets must be securely fastened at all times
  when in possession of the bike
• Bare torsos are not permitted
• Must obey traffic laws unless directed by an
  official
• Any competitor who appears to be in danger to
  themselves or others will be removed
• No forward progress without the bicycle
• Headphones, headsets and glass containers are
  banned
• No drafting unless specified.

24
BIKE CONDUCT

• Drafting Zones
• A rectangle surrounding every bicycle and
  vehicle.
• Competitors cannot overlap draft zones.
• Age group athletes have 15 seconds to pass
  through the zone.
• Rectangle Size
• Bikes 5 meters by 2 meters
• Vehicles 35 meters by 5 meters

25
BIKE CONDUCT

• Drafting Zones
• Competitors can overlap drafting zones when
• Making forward progress and pass within allotted
  time
• Safety reasons require
• At aid stations or entering/leaving transition
• Making an acute turn
• Race officials exclude a section of the course
  because of narrow lanes, construction, detours or
  other safety reasons.

26
BIKE CONDUCT

• Drafting
• The lead cyclist has the right of way
• Once overtaken it is the competitors
  responsibility to move out of the drafting zone.
  They can not try to overtake until they have left
  the zone.
• It is the responsibility of the driver of a race
  vehicle to not overlap with cyclists
• Wind direction, wind speed, speed of cyclists,
  and course terrain influence any advantage gained
  by riding in another competitors zone.
• The role of the drafting zone is for safety
  first, and to prevent another competitor from
  gaining an unfair advantage.

27
BIKE CONDUCT

• Policing of Drafting
• Levels of policing
• Verbal warning
• Stop / Start
• Disqualification
• Stop / Start Penalty
• Blow whistle / call competitor number / show
  yellow card
• Violator must pull safely off the course
• They must then completely dismount the bike and
  lift it off the ground.
• The violator may proceed once the official has
  indicated by removing the yellow card.

28
BIKE CONDUCT

• Drafting Report
• The draft marshal may provide a report to the
  head referee recommending a DQ for drafting
• The violator will be notified of the marshals
  intent to write a report by having the marshal
  blow a whistle, call out the violators race
  number, and show a red card.
• Drafting marshals should be proactive wherever
  possible.
• No warning, or stop-start, required prior to
  showing a red card

29
BIKE CONDUCT

• Equipment
• Bikes must have the following
• No more then 2 meters long and 75 cm wide
• At least 24 cm from ground to chain wheel axle
• A vertical line touching the front of the saddle
  must be no more 5cm in front and 15cm behind a
  vertical line through the chain wheel axle.
• 54 65 cm from front axle to chain wheel axle
• No fairings
• Wheels must be of spoke construction (covers may
  be allowed on back at TDs and HRs discretion).
• Handlebars must be plugged
• Etc. (see rulebook for complete listing pg.8)

30
BIKE CONDUCT

• Equipment
• Helmets
• Meet CSA, ANSI, SNELL safety standards
• No alteration to any part of the helmet or strap
• Secured on head prior to removing bike from rack
• Secured at all times when on bike
• Secured until bike is racked

31
RUN CONDUCT

• General Rules
• May walk or run / no crawling
• No bare torso
• Keeping on course is the responsibility of the
  competitor
• Considered finished when torso crosses finish
  line
• Any competitor who presents a danger to
  themselves, another competitor, official, or
  spectator will be removed from race.
• Headphones, headsets, and glass containers are
  banned.

32
TRANSITION CONDUCT

• General Rules
• Must use designated rack only
• Must not impede forward progress of fellow
  competitors
• Must not interfere with other competitors
  equipment
• Must keep all equipment in designated area
• Must mount and dismount at designated spot
• No cycling in transition
• Must rack own bike
• No indecent exposure

33
ROLE OF THE OFFICIAL

• Organization of Officials
• Officials are appointed by the governing body
  providing the sanctioning
• The same officials are used at each race
• The officials are
• Technical Delegate (TD)
• Head Referee (HR)
• Head Swim / Cycle / Run Transition Officials
• Other officials
• Competition Jury

34
ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS
Governing Body
Technical Delegate
Competition Jury
Head Referee
Head Transition Official
Head Swim Official
Head Run Official
Head Cycle Official
Marshals
Marshals
Marshals
Marshals
35
ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS

• Technical Delegate
• Appointed by the governing body providing
  sanctioning
• Responsible for appointing competition jury and
  the head referee
• Oversees technical preparation for the event
• Head Referee
• Appointed by Technical Delegate
• Responsible to the TD to hear and make final
  judgment on all violations reported by the
  marshals, protests and award penalties
• Organizes and instructs race marshals with action
  plan for enforcing rules

36
ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS

• Competition Jury
• Appointed by TD
• Reviews and makes decisions on all appeals
• Officials / Marshals
• Appointed by Head Referee
• Responsible to be proactive in preventing rule
  violations
• Reports to head referee all recommendations for
  disqualification

37
ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS

• Competition Jury
• Technical Delegate
• A representative of the host society (usually not
  the race director)
• A member of the governing body providing
  sanctioning - Executive Board or Council member.

38
PROTESTS

• Protest Jurisdiction
• A competitor may file a protest with the head
  referee provided the action has not already been
  ruled on.
• A protest may not be made on a judgment call
• There are time restrictions on protests.
• Protests concerning the course
• In writing 24 hrs prior to the start of the race
• If a course does not meet the requirements of the
  operational manual

39
PROTESTS

• Protest Concerning Eligibility
• In writing to the HR prior to race start
• Competitor may compete with decision being made
  prior to results announced
• Protests During the Race
• A competitor who protests against another
  competitor or official must do so in writing
  within 15 minutes of their finish.
• Protests Concerning Timekeeping
• Protest must be delivered within 30 minutes after
  unofficial results have been posted.
• Protests Concerning Equipment
• A competitor who protests against another
  competitors equipment must do so in writing
  within 15 minutes of their finish.

40
PROTESTS

• Consideration of Protests
• A protest will not be considered unless
• Submitted to HR in allotted time
• Protest accompanied by 50.00
• Protest submitted on Protest Form
• A Protest Form must contain
• Name, address, telephone of protester
• Alleged rule or procedure violation
• Location and approximate time
• Person(s) involved in infraction
• Statement diagram of the alleged violation
• Name one or more witnesses

41
PROTESTS

• Protest Hearing Procedure
• The protest is to be submitted in writing with
  the protest fee to the head referee within the
  time limit.
• Copies of protests are to be made available to
  the competitor(s) or official(s) named in the
  protest prior to a hearing
• Protester and accused (or federation
  representative) should be present or TD may
  decide to postpone or cancel hearing. The
  Competition Jury may make decision without them.
• The hearing is not open to the public
• The Competition Jury Chairperson (usually TD)
  will read the protest.

42
PROTESTS

• Protest Hearing Procedure cont
• The protester and accused will be given adequate
  time to give their account of the incident
• Witnesses (max 2) may speak for 3 minutes each
• The Competition Jury will hear evidence and
  render a decision by simple majority.
• The decision is delivered in writing to the
  parties and posted immediately
• If upheld the 50 fee is returned to the athlete.

43
APPEALS

• Appeals
• A competitor may file an appeal with the TD
  provided that the decision appealed has not
  previously been ruled on.
• An appeal may not be made on judgment calls.
• There are time restrictions in making appeals.
• Consideration of an Appeal
• Appeal is to be submitted within 15 min. of the
  competitors finish or posting of violation by the
  official, whichever is later.
• Appeal must be accompanied by 50 and submitted
  on an Appeal Form.

44
APPEALS

• Consideration of Appeals
• The Appeal Form must contain
• Name, address, telephone of APPLICANT
• Alleged rule or procedure violation
• Location and approximate time
• Person(s) involved in infraction
• Statement diagram of the alleged violation
• Name one or more witnesses
• Rational for and summary of the appeal

45
APPEALS

• Consideration of an Appeal
• Appeal hearing procedures are the same as those
  used for protests.
• Post Decision procedures
• The TD must endorse protest and appeal decisions
  and forward the report and fees (if any) to the
  sanctioning body.

46
Protests and Appeals

• The HR and TD will have copies of the official
  Protest and Appeal forms on hand.
• Decisions of the CJ may be appealed to Governing
  Body Executive Board, AGM, or Alternate Dispute
  Resolution for Sport (ADRSportRED).

47
Uniforms and Equipment

• Fanny pack
• Sunscreen, glasses
• Pen pencil
• Small notepad
• Water bottle
• Red / Yellow card
• Whistle
• Officials vest
• Credentials Card
• Running Shoes

• Plastic Poncho
• Small First Aid Kit
• Hat
• Rule Book
• Light Snack
• Communication Device
• Race Day Schedule
• Tape measure
• Tape to plug handlebars