Place and Manner of Articulation

1
Place and Manner of Articulation

• Place Manner
• Bilabial Voiced / Voiceless
• Labiodental Aspirated / Unaspirated
• Interdental Nasal / Oral
• Alveolar Stops / Fricatives / Affricates
• Palatal Liquids
• Velar Glides
• Glottal

2
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 1

• a. bath ? bathe ?
• b. reduce s reduction k
• c. cool u cold o

3
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 2

• d. wife f wives v
• e. cats s dogs z
• f. impolite m indecent n

4
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 9)

• a. consonant, oral, stop, voiced / voiceless
  pairs
• b. vowel, back, rounded, non-low
• c. vowel, front, unrounded
• d. consonant, oral, voiceless, obstruent
• e. consonant, voiced
• f. consonant, coronal

5
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 11)

• Column A Column B
• a. front back (rounded) AB all high
• b. voiceless voiced AB pairs same
  PoA
• c. labial NOT labials OTHER
• d. high NOT high (mid or low)
• continuants noncontinuants
• (fricatives) (affricates )
• f. NOT back back

6
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 12) 1

• a. h ? yes voiceless
• b. r w yes voiced
• c. m ? yes nasal
• d. ? v yes voiced
• e. r t no? oral

7
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 12) 2

• f. f ? yes voiceless
• g. k ? yes voiceless
• h. s g no? oral
• i. j w yes glide
• j. j ? no? oral

8
American English Vowels

• See Figure 4.5, p. 208.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman Nina Hyams.
2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition.
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 208.
9
Mandarin Vowels
???,???? ?????? ??????????,1993,? 67 ??
10
Describing Vowels

• Tongue position
• tongue height high / mid / low
• tongue part front / central / back
• 2. lips rounding
• 3. tenseness yes (tense) / no (lax)
• 4. nasalization yes / no
• 5. length long / short duration

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman Nina Hyams.
2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition.
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 206-210.
11
Major Phonetic Classes

• ? Noncontinuants / Continuants
• ? Obstruents / Sonorants
• ? Consonantal
• Labials
• Coronals
• Anteriors
• Sibilants
• ? Syllabic
• Vowels
• Liquids sometimes
• Nasals sometimes

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman Nina Hyams.
2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition.
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 210-211.
12
Prosodic Features of Speech Sounds

• ? Duration (length)
• ? Pitch
• ? Loudness (stress)
• Tone
• Intonation

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman Nina Hyams.
2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition.
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 212-215.
13
Phonetic Symbol / English Spelling
Correspondences

• See Table 4.6, p. 216.

14
Cork and Work and Card and Ward 1 (see Ex 8)
(Anonymous)

• I take it you already know
• of tough and bough and cough and dough?
• Others may stumble, but not you
• on hiccough, thorough, lough, and through.
• I write in case you wish perhaps
• to learn of less familiar traps
• Beware of heard, a dreadful word
• that looks like beard, and sounds like bird.
  
• And dead its said like bed, not bead
• for goodness sake, dont call it deed!

15
Cork and Work and Card and Ward 2(Anonymous)

• Watch out for meat and great and threat.
• (They rhyme with suite and straight and
  debt.)
• A moth is not a moth in mother,
• nor both in bother, broth in brother.
• And here is not a match for there,
• nor dear for bear, or fear for pear.

16
Cork and Work and Card and Ward 3(Anonymous)

• Theres does and rose, theres also lose
• (Just look them up), and goose and choose
• And cork and work, and card and ward,
• and font and front, and word and sword
• And do and go and thwart and cart
• come come, Ive barely made a start!
• A dreadful language? Man alive,
• Id mastered it when I was five!

17
National Phonetic Symbols 1????

• (1) Initials
• ? ? ? ?
• ? ? ? ?
• ? ? ?
• (2) Initials
• ? ? ?
• ? ? ? ?
• ? ? ?

18
National Phonetic Symbols 2????

• (3) Initials / Glides / Finals
• ? ? ?
• (4) Finals
• ? ? ? ?
• ? ? ? ?
• ? ? ? ?
• ?

19
Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 1

• a. Noam Chomsky is a linguist who teaches at MIT.
• b. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds.
• c. All spoken languages use sounds produced by
  the upper respiratory system.

20
Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 2

• d. In one dialect of English cot the noun and
  caught the verb are pronounced the same.
• e. Some people think phonetics is very
  interesting.
• f. Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina
  Hyams are the authors of this book.