THE NATURE

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UNIT 1 THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
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CHAPTER 1 Biology and You
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STANDARDSOFMEASUREMENT
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METRIC SYSTEM
Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word
Kilo k 1,000 Thousand
Hecto h 100 Hundred
Deca da 10 Ten
Deci d 0.1 Tenth
Centi c 0.01 Hundredth
Milli m 0.001 Thousandth
? Base
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Base Units
Distance?
meter (m) kilometer (km) centimeter
(cm) millimeter (mm)
Volume?
Liter (L) milliter (mL)
Mass?
gram (g) kilogram (kg) milligram (mg)
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English System Metric System
1 inch 1 foot 2.5 cm 0.3048 meter
1 mile 1.6 kilometer
Distance
1 cup 1 quart4 quarts (1 gal) 0.24 liters 0.95 liter 3.8 liters
Volume
1 ounce 1 pound 28 grams 0.5 kilogram
Mass
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Metric Conversions
kilo hecto deca BASE deci centi milli
King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk
k h da BASE d c m
Examples
1. 20 km ____ meters
Decimal moves k ? h ? da ? m 3 times to
the right
20,000 m
2. 200 mg ______ grams
gram ? d ? c ? m 3 times to the left
0.2 g
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Temperature
Unit Celsius
32o C
Freeze 0oC Boil 100oC Body 37oC Room Temp 20-25oC
212oC
98.6oC
70-80oC
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EQUIPMENT
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EQUIPMENT
Mass Triple Beam Balance Unit?
Time Stop Watch Unit?
Distance Meter Stick Metric Ruler Unit?
Microscope Glass Slide Cover Slip
Random Test Tube Test Tube Clamp Petri
Dish Pipette Syringe Scalpel Forceps
Volume Graduated Cylinder Beaker Erlenmeyer
Flask Unit?
Temperature Thermometer (Celsius) Hot
Plate Unit?
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LABORATORY SAFETY
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Chemical Safety
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Fire Safety
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Safety Symbols
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THE SCIENTIFICMETHOD
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Scientific Method 6 Steps
1. Identify the problem/ Form a question
2. Observations
3. Hypothesis
4.
4. Controlled Experiment
5. Record and Analyze Data
6. Conclusion
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Maggots appear on Meat
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1. Problem/Question
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2. OBSERVATIONS (relevant to question)
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3. HYPOTHESIS (educated guess) Has to be
testable
If.., then statement
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• EXPERIMENT
• - Controlled Experiment only one variable
• is changed.
• - Variable factors that can change.

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PROCEDURE
Uncovered jars
Covered jars
Controlled Variables
Keep the same
Several days pass
Manipulated Variables Independent Variable
Change intentionally
Responding Variable Dependent Variable
No maggots appear
Maggots appear
Changes due to IV
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• RECORD and ANALYZE DATA
• - Quantitative numbers by measuring or
  counting
• (Chart/Graph)
• -

Qualitative description (chart)
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6. CONCLUSION
-Hypothesis correct/incorrect -Statement of
results - Errors and Improvements
The Hypothesis was correct. Maggots form only
when flies come in contact with meat.
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Scientific Method
1. Question
2. Observe
3. Hypothesis
Several days pass
If IV, then DV
4. Experiment
Controlled
Variables
5. Data
6. Conclusion
No maggots appear
Maggots appear
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Publish experimental results in a
Scientific Journal.
repetition and validity
Allows?
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Theory A well tested explanation that
unifies a broad range of observations
Other Theories?
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Law
A natural phenomenon that has been proven to
occur invariably whenever certain conditions are
met.
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GRAPHING
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Graph?
a visual display of information or data
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Bar Graph
Line Graph
Circle/Pie Graph
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???
Vertical Axis
Y-axis
Dependent Variable
Horizontal Axis
X-axis
Independent Variable
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B
Which factory had the least amount of defective
Cars? How many did this factory have?
17 per 1000 cars
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20,000- 40,000
Between what 2 point of mileage does a cars
value decrease the most? How much value does a
cars value depreciate over this period?
4,000
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ANDTHEMES OF BIOLOGY
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Characteristics of Life

• Order
• Reproduction
• Growth and Development
• Energy Utilization
• Response to the Environment
• Homeostasis
• Evolutionary Adaptation

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Order
Growth and Development
Reproduction
Energy Utilization
Response to Environment
Homeostasis
Evolutionary Adaptation
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THEMES OF BIOLOGY
1. Cell structure and Function
2. Reproduction
3. Metabolism
4. Homeostasis
5. Heredity
6. Evolution
7. Interdependence
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1. Cell structure and Function
4. Homeostasis
2. Reproduction
5. Heredity
3. Metabolism
6. Evolution
7. Interdependence
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Carcharodon carcharias
4. Homeostasis
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6. Evolution
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1. Cell structure and Function
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3000 teeth
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3. Metabolism
7. Interdependence
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2. Reproduction
5. Heredity
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Unit 1 The Nature of Science Test

• Graphing
• -X and Y axes
• -IV and DV
• Bar and Line Graphs

• Safety
• Chemical, Fire, Electrical

• Equipment
• Names
• Use

• Scientific Method
• Purpose
• Steps
• Variables

• Metric System
• Base units (length, volume, mass)
• Prefixes
• Metric Conversions

• Chapter 1
• Characteristics of life
• -Themes of biology

• Labs
• Green Bean
• Vitruvian Man

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UNIT 1 REVIEW
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END
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To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit Example To
convert 90o C ? F
F (1.8 x C) 32
F (1.8 X 90) 32 F 162 32 F 194 90o C
194o F
To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius Example To
convert 82o F ? C
C (F - 32) / 1.8
C (82 - 32) / 1.8 C 50 / 1.8 C 27.8 82o F
27.8o C
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