Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan

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Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan

• Imperialism in North Africa and the Middle East

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African Resistance

• Unequal contest against Europe with superior
  weapons
• Active military resistance- Algeria fought for 50
  years against France
• Maji Maji rebellion
• East Africans rebelled against Germany
• Believed magic water would protect them
• 75,000 dead

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Ethiopia

• Menelik II
• Played Italians, French, and British against each
  other,
• Built up arsenal purchased from France and Russia
• Misunderstanding with the Italian Treaty
• Battle of Adowa

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Menelik II
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Ottoman Empire Loses Power

• After last great Ottoman sultan Suleyman
  dies-gtweak succession of rulers
• Corruption
• Theft
• Inflation
• Rejection of modern technologies and ideas
• Lost territory to Greece

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Europeans Grab Territory

• Geopolitics- Taking land for its strategic
  location or products
• Ottomans controlled access to the Mediterranean
  and the Atlantic sea trade.
• Crimean War demonstrates a weakness in the Empire

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The Decline of the Empire 18c
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The Ottoman Empire in 1914
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Egypt

• Modernization began with Muhammad Ali
• Broke off from Ottoman Empire
• Not the boxer
• Military and Economic reforms
• Shift to cash crop plantations
• Grandson, Ismail supported the construction of
  the Suez Canal

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Muhammad Ali
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France

• In 1859, a French
  company built the Suez
  Canal to connect the Red Sea
  the Mediterranean
  Sea

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England

• England had important colonies in India
  Australia so the Suez Canal was very important
• In 1882, Britain gained control of the Suez Canal
  made Egypt a protectorate, took control of
  Sudan, parts of East Africa

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England

• The race for African colonies led to a near war
  between France England called the Fashoda
  Incident
• Englands north-south empire overlapped
  Frances east-west empire near the town of
  Fashoda in the Sudan

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England
India
Egypt
South Africa
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This incident showed how serious imperialism was
to Europeans
The Fashoda Incident