DOCUMENT DESIGN

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DOCUMENT DESIGN

• PAPIA BAWA

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What makes a document effective?

• Appearances count. The documents that get read
  are those that
• Appear easy to read
• Appear interesting
• Appear brief
• Appear important

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What a good layout does

• Removes obstacles to reading.
• Exposes good organization.
• Enhances the language.
• Physically show the relationships between ideas
  or things.

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Obstacles to reading

• The centering of headings and other textual
  component.
• Changing internal spacing order to force the
  text to fill out a fixed depth and width.

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Continued

• The inconsistent grouping.
• The excessive use of indentation, suggesting
  paragraph breaks where they aren't really needed.
  

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And lastly

• An excessive variety in sizes, styles, and
  weights of typefaces for heading levels.

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Other issues you need to consider

• Are there format restrictions for this type of
  document?
• Are there limits on length?

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Other limits

• Time?
• Budget?
• Availability of staff?
• Accessibility to equipment?

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Components of graphic design

• Structure, topical divisions.
• Type, size and style.
• White space, margins and open spaces.
• Special treatments, for emphasis.
• Paper, type and color.

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Features in office word-processing system

• Choice of typeface
• Capitalization
• Bullets and daggers
• White space
• Quotation marks
• Bold face
• Indentation

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Remember

• The largest, most dominant matter on the page
  first attracts the eye.
• In the absence of any special feature or guide to
  eye movement, the eye will start slightly off
  center and travel in a clockwise direction.

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Type face and font size

• The term typeface refers to the family of
  lettering used in the document.
• A font is a variation of a certain typeface,
  including size, italic, bold, and italic bold.

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Types of typefaces

• Serif
• Sans serif
• Display
• Decorative

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Serif

• These have small horizontal strokes that extend
  from the main strokes.Like
• Times
• Garamond
• Goudy
• Baskerville
• Palatino

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Sans Serif

• These do not have horizontal strokes, like
• Helvetica
• Frutigar
• Stone Sans
• Gill Sans
• Arial

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Display Serifs

• These do not have strokes, but slight flares at
  the edges.Like
• Optima

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Decorative Serifs

• These are elaborate and decorative, like
• Old English

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Serif typefaces are used

• To convey a sense of formality.
• Making formal letterheads.
• Body texts for western readers.

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Sans Serif are used

• For modernistic writing.
• For technical writing.
• Captions,labeling figures, marginal comments.
• Web pages as they are easier to read on computers
  with poor resolution.

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Display Serifs are used

• Emphasize elements.
• Advertisement and marketing.
• Special effects.

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Decorative Serifs are used

• Personal Letterheads.
• Title pages.

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White or Blank Space

• The text and artwork is called positive space in
  a layout.
• The white space, which surrounds text, is the
  negative space

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What they do for your document

• Makes your document attractive.
• Highlights important relationships in the text.
• Is essential to make your document readable.

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Pitfalls of white spaces

• Too much can destroy a sense of continuity.
• Too much can appear to be wasted space and reduce
  the element of conciseness.

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Capitals

• Capital letters begin sentences and proper names.
• Capitalized words may be used as headings or
  emphasis.
• They should be kept to the minimum.

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Lists and Tables

• Use spacing to establish a separate unit.
• Use asterisks for easiest emphasis.
• Use bullets for list of short phrases.
• Use dashes for longer lists of sentences or
  paragraphs.
• Use boxes for checklists.
• Use double-column format for long lists of short
  items.

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Using color

• Colored paper can maximize the contrast between
  the type image and the paper.
• Color can be used to emphasize elements or
  distinguish one from another.
• Color can make the document attractive and avoid
  the gray look.

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Color psychology

• Reds, oranges, and yellows give a feeling of
  warmth
• Greens blues and violets are perceived as cool
  colors.
• Younger audiences respond well to warmer colors
  while mature audiences prefer the cooler colors.

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Physiological aspects pf color

• Some colors can cause negative physical
  reactions!
• Older people and those with poor eyesight have
  difficulty reading black print on goldenrod.
• The vivid orange-yellow sold as "goldenrod"
  papers, can even cause nausea!

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Cultural aspects of color

• In Europe and USA white is associated with
  purity,youth and marriage.
• In Japan and India white is a funeral color.
• America brides and Indian widows, both wear
  white!

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Different professions respond differently to
color

• Red
• may excite moviegoers
• it is negative to accountants
• healthy to doctors and danger to engineers

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Yellow

• Is happiness to movie- goers
• importance to financiers
• jaundice to medicos
• caution for engineers

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Remember

• A poorly designed and layout document will
  reflect poorly upon the personality and abilities
  of the writer!