Ch 19 Notecards

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Ch 19 Notecards

• These really for last years book ch 25- After
  you do the notecards for that, will be this
  years notecards

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Industrial Revolution

• Who British, Europeans
• What an age where machine-made goods increased
  the output of goods
• Where England, then Europe, then the rest of the
  world
• When Mid-1700s
• Why transformed the way people worked- from home
  to factories, changed every aspect of life from
  agricultural to industrial with factories

3
Crop Rotation

• Who Agricultural Farmers
• What a system of agriculture where every year
  the farmer rotated or changed the crop he planted
  to restore the soil
• Where England, Europe
• When 1700s
• Why part of the Agricultural Revolution
  improved older agricultural methods which made
  food supplies increase and living conditions
  improve

4
Industrialization

• Who British Europeans
• What the process of developing machine
  production of goods
• Where England, Europe
• When 1700s
• Why this led to a shift for all aspects of life-
  farm production to factory prod. rural living to
  city living villages to cities individually
  made goods to mass produced goods

5
Factories

• Who Wealthy owners
• What large buildings with large machines near
  rivers for waterpower.
• Where England, Europe
• When Mid-1700s
• Why these factories mass-produced goods for
  selling life of the worker changed society
  changed

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Section 2 Industrialization
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• Industrialization changed everything about life
  society
• Industrial cities grew Urbanization
• Living conditions decreased cramped city
  living (think Slums)
• Working conditions decreased
• Society/Social pyramid changed!!

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Urbanization

• Who Europeans
• What a period of city building and the movement
  of people to cities.
• Where (you can figure it out by now)
• When 1800-1850
• Why The growth of the factory system a shift
  in where people worked and lived people moved
  from the rural areas to the city urban areas
  doubled or quadrupled in this time

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• Urbanization led to a change in society and who
  was at the top of the pyramid
• It created a new.

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Middle Class

• Who (You know this one)
• What an Industrial Age social class made up of
  skilled workers, professionals, business people,
  and wealthy farmers.
• Where (You know this one too)
• When 1800-1850
• Why With Industrialization, the social pyramid
  changed factory owners grew wealthier than the
  old landowners aristocrats they were at the
  top they had the wealth power

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The OLD pyramid
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The NEW pyramid
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Section 3 Industrialization Spreads
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• Industrialization started in Britain then spread
  to Europe then spread to USA
• When it got to the USA people developed
  corporations which were businesses owned by
  stock-holders who shared ownership so instead
  of one factory owner owning a factory.. Groups of
  rich people would own one factory IF they owned
  STOCK which was a share in the ownership..

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• This lead to the STOCK MARKET!! People can NOW
  buy shares in any company they want and have a
  piece of ownership in that corporation..

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Section 4 Reforming the Industrial World
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• Industrialization created a WIDE gap between the
  rich poor
• FACTORY OWNERS wanted govt to STAY OUT of their
  business affairs (dont want regulations on how
  to run their factories, etc)
• Vs
• REFORMERS want govt TO interfere so the
  conditions of the poor improve!

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• These 2 views of how factories should be run led
  to different economic philosophies (or ideas.)
• The first philosophy-type is the Factory Owners
  
• such as..

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Laissez- Faire

• Who Adam Smith
• What economic policy that let owners of industry
  business set the working conditions without
  govt interference a free market unregulated by
  the govt. means Let do
• Where Britain, Europe
• When 1776
• Why the belief was that the economy would
  prosper if the govt stayed out of trade
  economy

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• This idea was introduced by.

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Adam Smith

• Who Scottish professor
• What wrote The Wealth of Nations that defended
  free market, or Laissez- Faire
• Where Scotland
• When 1776
• Why he said economic freedom economic
  progress he supported Laissez-Faire based on
  the ideas- 1.people work for their own good, 2.
  competition better products, 3. Supply
  Demand his ideas led to Capitalism

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• His ideas were supported by other economists.
• more ideas of how the economy should be.
• ..such as.

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Capitalism

• Who Thomas Malthus David Ricardo
• What an economic system in which the factors of
  production are privately owned money is
  invested to make a profit
• Where Britain, Europe, USA
• When late 1700s
• Why wanted less govt interference in economy,
  higher profit, cheap labor Most of the world
  is this today- ESP the USA!!

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• Now, the other side said Govt should play a
  part in the Economy to make sure the businesses
  are being fair
• These theories are supported by the Factory
  Workers
• . Such as.

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Utilitarianism

• Who Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
• What idea that people should judge ideas,
  institutions, actions based on their utility,
  or usefulness.
• Where England, then Europe
• When late-1700s
• Why this philosophy fought for the greatest
  good for the greatest number of people John
  Stuart Mill applied this to the factories- the
  worker should have rights and not live a deprived
  life. factory reform

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• Also, another for the worker philosophy is
  going to become SUPER popular and is still around
  today

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Socialism

• Who Industrial Reformers
• What a system where the factors of production
  (aka the machines factories) are owned by the
  public and operate for the welfare of all
• Where Germany
• When 1800s
• Why this idea grew out of a positive view on
  human nature, a belief in progress, and concern
  for social justice this idea says the govt
  should plan the economy instead of
  free-capitalism they thought govt controlling
  the economy end of poverty social equality

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• Could you imagine our govt controlling the
  economy??
• Fixed prices
• No small businesses that you can just start up
  and make money.
• Hmmm.
• So this idea leads to an EXTREME view, or radical
  Socialism

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Karl Marx

• Who German Journalist
• What created Marxism, an extreme form of
  socialism- which explained the cycles of social
  classes (Dialectical Materialism)
• Where Germany
• When 1818-1883
• Why This social cycle theorys last stage was
  Communism which was a big thing in WWI, WWII,
  The Cold War- aka the rest of history!!
• (notice how hes from GERMANY??? Hint Hint)

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So, his theory went like this

• The lower class Proletariat (as he called them)
  would always revolt against the upper class
• UNTIL
• A classless society developed (Communism)
• (look at the cycle on the last slide of the ppt)
• All the lower class ppl obv like this idea,
  right? A Classless society! WHOA!! AWESOME!!!
  HECK YEA- GIMME THAT!!!.........

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• Well. Great IDEA. BUT.
• Throughout the rest of history, we will learn it
  wont ever work ?
• BUT we had to learn that through WWI, WWII, and
  the COLD WAR
• So, Stay tuned! ?

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Dialectical Materialism

• Bourgeoisie (upper class)

• Proletariat (lower class)

• 1 Kings Nobles vs.
• New phase
• 2 Landowners vs.
• New Phase
• 3 Factory OWNERS vs.
• New Phase
• Communism!
• Factory workers are in charge, own the means of
  production Classless society

• Peasants Revolt become new Bourgeoisie!
• Peasants Revolt become the new Bourgeoisie!
• Factory Workers Revolt become the new
  bourgeoisie!

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This years books Notecards
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Anesthetic

• Who American Dentist
• What drug that prevents pain during surgery
• Where USA
• When 1830-1855
• Why this was one of the new inventions/scientific
  firsts that happened as a result of the
  Industrial Revolution this helped improve the
  medical field improved surgeries

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enclosure

• Who rich landowners
• What the process of taking over and
  consolidating land formerly shared by peasant
  farmers
• Where GB
• When 1700s
• Why rich landowners wanted to take land from
  peasants create larger fields that would be
  cultivated more efficiently British Parliament
  made legislation to force this peasants lost
  land ? BUT farm output increased profits
  progress less workers peasants forced to the
  city to find work

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James Watt

• Who Scottish engineer
• What made improvements to Newcomens steam
  engine
• Where Scotland
• When 1764
• Why his improved engine became a key power
  source to the IR( Industrial Rev) opened the
  door to operating machines powering locomotives
  steamships

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smelt

• Who Darby family
• What a type of iron that is separate from its
  ore
• Where England
• When 1709
• Why this was a new method of producing iron
  less better quality was used to produce
  parts for the engine helped with the making of
  machines engines for the IR spread widely
  eventually bridges railroads were made out of it

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Capital

• Who European investors
• What money used to invest in enterprises
• Where Europe
• When 1600s-1700s
• Why the European business class accumulated this
  money from growing overseas trade they took
  their capital () and invested it in enterprises
  to make more money helped make the IR spread
  rapidly successfully

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Enterprise

• Who European capitalists
• What a business organization in an area like
  shipping, mining, railroads, faactories
• WherE Europe
• When 1700s
• Why businessmen would invest their capital into
  these businesses made the economy grow
  prosper made the IR spread more industry

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Entrepreneurs

• Who European capitalists businessmen
• What those who manages and assumed the financial
  risks of starting a new business
• Where Europe
• When 1700s
• Why they invested their capital into new
  enterprises grew the economy they became very
  wealthy helped the IR spread rapidly

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Putting out system

• Who peasants
• What the system of the cottage industry
  cotton cloth industry at home
• Where GB
• When 1600s
• Why raw cotton was distributed to peasant
  families who spun it into thread and then wove
  the thread into cloth in their own homes skilled
  artisans then finished dyed the cloth this was
  the beginning of the division of labor

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Eli Whitney

• Who American inventor
• What invented a machine called the cotton gin
  that separated the seeds from the raw cotton at a
  fast rateWhere America
• When 1793
• Why this process solved the problem of the time
  consuming cleaning cotton task cotton
  production increased exponentially as a result of
  this invention more industry factories

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Turnpikes

• Do this one on your own! Pg. 428

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Liverpool

• Do this one on your own pg. 429

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Manchester

• Do this one on your own pg. 429

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Tenement

• Who poor city dwellers, factory workers
• What multi story buildings divided into
  apartments
• Where European American cities
• When 1800s
• Why vast numbers of poor ppl packed into city
  slums that had tenements they lived in tiny
  rooms, no running water, no sewage or sanitation-
  waste garbage was thrown into streets
  contaminated drinking water rapid disease

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Labor Union

• Who factory workers
• What workers organizations
• Where Europe, America
• When 1800s- now
• Why these wanted to initiate worker reforms-
  more pay, better working conditions the 1st
  ones were secret b.c. they were illegal these
  groups would riot to get what they wanted
  eventually became legal now protect the
  workers rights against the factory owners

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Thomas Malthus

• Who British Economist
• What wrote An Essay on the Principle of
  Population where he wrote about the conditions
  of the IR
• Where you can figure it out
• When you can figure it out
• Why he studied crowded slums, hungry families,
  unemployment as a result of the IR concluded
  that poverty was unavoidable b.c. the pop was
  increasing faster than the food supply he
  started a new way of thinking- trying to
  understand the changes of the IR

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Jeremy Bentham

• Who British philosopher Economist
• What advocated for Utilitarianism
• Where GB
• When 1800
• Why he believed all laws or actions should be
  judged by their utility (usefulness) strongly
  supported individual freedom which he believed
  guaranteed happiness he saw the need for some
  limited government in some instances

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Means of Production

• Who the workers
• What the farms, factories, railways, and other
  large businesses that produced and distributed
  goods
• WherE Europe
• When 1800s
• Why those that owned the means of production
  owned the wealth- Socialists felt that the
  workers worked the means of production so they
  should own it- not the factory owners

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Robert Owen

• Who Welsh Mill owner
• What set up a Utopian model community where his
  workers lived and worked together
• Where Wales, EnglandWhen 1800Why he believed
  that his Utopian community where all work was
  shared all property owned together no
  difference b.n rich and poor, no fighting he
  campaigned against child labor encouraged labor
  unions

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Proletariat

• Who the working class
• What the have-nots, working class people
• Where Europe, America
• When 1800-1900s
• Why Karl Marx theorized about the history of
  class struggles b.n the haves and have-nots he
  predicted this group would take control of the
  means of productions create a classless,
  communist society that would end the struggle

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Social Democracy

• Who German Socialists, Karl Marx
• What a political idealogy in which there is
  gradual transition from Capitalism to Socialism
  instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the
  system
• WherE Germany, Europe
• When 1860s
• Why for much of the 1900s, revolutionaries
  around the world would adapt Marxist ideas to
  their own situations needs (i.e. Stalin,
  Hitler, etc.)