School Buses

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School Buses A Safe Way To Travel
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School Buses A Sustainable Way To Travel
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What Is The Concern?

• Energy fuel economy
• Emissions air quality
• Climate change global warming
• Operational considerations Cost, performance,
  maintenance

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U.S. Energy Flow - 2002
Quadrillion BTUs
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Well to Wheel Energy Use
BTU per mile
Conventional
E90
CNG
B20
LPG
Diesel
Gasoline
from Fuel Options for Reducing GHG Emissions
from Motor Vehicles, US DOT, September 2003
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Diesel Engines and Air Quality

• Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of gases and
  fine particles
• Engines have historically contributed significant
  amounts of NOx, particulate matter to air
  pollution

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Exposures Inside School Buses

• Personal exposure monitors for PM 2.5
• Levels 5 10 times higher than ambient averages
• California study estimates cancer risk increases
  by 4, asthma risk by 1

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Economics of Clean Diesel

• Environmental/Public Health Impact in
  Oregon
• 2 billion per year

• or
• 2 per gallon of diesel used

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Global Warming Factors
From Hansen and Saito, 2001
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Clean vs. Dirty Diesel

• CONVENTIONAL RETROFITTED
• Real time measurements of particulate matter
  pollution inside a car chasing a diesel truck
  before and after retrofitting.
• Courtesy of Clean Air Task Force

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Burn Cleaner Fuel - Biodiesel

• Vegetable oils and/or waste grease refined to
  diesel fuel
• Biodegradable, nontoxic, renewable fuel
• Reduces PM, CO, VOCs Increases NOx
• Can be blended (20) or used neat
• Excellent lubricity
• Cost, high cloud point

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The Modern Hybrid

• Does not idle when stopped
• Uses a battery pack to store energy
• Uses an electric motor to accelerate
• Recharges batteries when braking or coasting
• Allows for smaller combustion engine
• Increased fuel economy and lower engine wear

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What is a Plug-In Hybrid?

• Can receive portion of battery energy from grid
• Plugging in is optional
• Once range is depleted, operates as a normal
  hybrid
• Categorized by range on electricity
• HEV30 is 30 miles on electric range

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CO2 Emissions from Series Hybrid
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NOx Emissions for Series Hybrid
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Fuel Costs of Series Hybrid
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Program Costs for Hybrid

• Initial cost greater than standard diesel
• Operating cost less than standard diesel
• Lifecycle cost about same as standard diesel
• Infrastructure
• Same diesel pumps
• Same maintenance garage
• Electric plug-in chargers

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Clean School Bus USA

• School Districts and ESDs only allowed to apply
• Anticipated awards up to 725,000, averaging
  200,000 - 300,000
• 5 cost share
• Fund retrofits, engine upgrades, cleaner fuels,
  bus and/or engine replacement
• Buddy program
• DEQ here to help with applications

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Sustainable Practices With School Buses
Now!

• Use ultra low sulfur fuel and biodiesel
• Minimize idling time at schools and events
• Maintain vehicles to reduce smoke and odors
• Use newer buses more often and for longer routes
• Install exhaust filters

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Its Not Cool To Idle At School
Suited for 5th to 8th grade
students Learn the scientific principles of
observation and reporting, while engaging in
social change. Toolkits provided by Oregon
Environmental Council http//www.oeconline.org/k
ids health/teachertools
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HB 2172 - Clean Diesel Initiative

• Components in the bill
• Clean Diesel Fund
• Clean Diesel Tax Credit
• Clean Engine Replacement Incentives
• Clean Oregon School Bus Grants

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Oregon Clean Diesel Initiative

• For more information
• Kevin Downing
• DEQ Air Quality
• 503.229.6549
• downing.kevin_at_deq.state.or.us