A Developing Power System:

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A Developing Power System Challenges
Prospects (Case study on Bangladesh) Monir
Hossain Graduate Student (PhD) Electrical
Engineering University of New Orleans
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Bangladesh at a Glance

• Official Name Peoples Republic of
  Bangladesh
• Political System Parliamentary Democracy
• Population 158 million
• Area 147,570 km2
• Time Zone GMT6 Hours
• GDP Per Capita USD 829 (FY 2013)
• GDP Growth Rate 6-7 (High compare to other
  SARAC countries)
• Major Maritime Ports Chittagong, Mongla
• Currency BDT (1 BDT USD 0.014)
• Major Industries Textile RMG, Jute,
  Pharmaceuticals, Ship breaking

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Bangladesh Power SystemYear 1972
Infrastructure Generation 165MW 132kV Line
1583 ckt km 66kV Line 167 ckt. km
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Bangladesh GridNetwork Year 2003
Infrastructure Generation 3200MW 230kV Line
1365 ckt. km 132kV Line 4961 ckt. km 230/132kV
SS 7 (3150 MVA) 132/33kV SS 63 (5507 MVA)
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Bangladesh Power SystemYear 2014
Infrastructure Generation 10GW 400kV Line
54.7 ckt. km 230kV Line 3038 ckt. km 132kV
Line 6224 ckt. km HVDC Station 1 (500
MW) 230/132kV SS 17 (7525 MVA) 132/33kV SS 103
(11780 MVA)
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Historical Energy Net Generation (GWh) in
Bangladesh
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Present Structure of Power Sector

• Apex Institution
• Power Division, Ministry of Power, Energy
  Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
• Regulator
• Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC)
• Generation
• ? Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
• ? Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL)
• ? Electricity Generation Company of
  Bangladesh (EGCB)
• ? North West Power Generation Company Ltd.
  (NWPGCL)
• ? Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
• Transmission
• ? Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd (PGCB)
• Distribution
• ? Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
• ? Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC)
• ? Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd (DESCO)
• ? West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC)
• ? Rural Electrification Board (REB) through
  Rural Co-operatives

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Bangladeshs Power Sector At a Glance
2014
Electricity Growth 10
Generation Capacity (MW) 10,213
Maximum Generation (MW) 7,556
Total Consumers (in Million) 14.2
Transmission Lines (ckt.km) 9,322
Distribution Lines (km) 288,787
Per Capita Generation (including Captive) 321
Access to Electricity (including Off-Grid Renewable) 62
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Primary Fuel Supply Options

• Gas Only 16 TCF proven reserve. No significant
  gas discovery in recent years. Depleting gas
  reserve restricts gas based generation expansion
• Hydro Present capacity 230 MW. No further
  significant potential
• Coal Total 3.2 billion ton reserve in 5 mines.
  Mines are located at dense populated area.
• Oil Depends on importing.
• Renewable Present capacity only 70 MW. High
  prospect of solar.

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Present Installed Generation Capacity
Public Sector Public Sector
SL. Installed Generation Capacity (MW)
1. BPDB 4186
2. APSCL 777
3. EGCB 622
4. NWPGCL 300
5. RPCL 77
Subtotal 5,962 (58)
Private Sector Private Sector
1. IPPs 1330
2. SIPPs (BPDB) 99
3. SIPPs (REB) 226
4. 15 YR. Rental 167
5. 3/5 YR. Rental 1929
6. Power Import 500
Subtotal 4,251 (42)
Total Total 10,213

• Considering 20 Maintenance and Forced Outage,
  Available Generation Capacity is about 7500 MW
  without fuel constraint

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Fuel Mix FY-2013
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Typical Summer Load Curve
MW
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Typical Winter Load Curve
MW
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Estimated Future Demand
MW
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Challenges

• Huge demand supply gap causes regular load
  shedding
• High growth rate of electricity due to new
  electrification industrial growth
• Fuel crisis due to depleting gas reserve
• Arranging fund for investment

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Scopes Prospects

• Efficiency improvement of existing power plants.
• Fuel diversification.
• Regional power trading.

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Efficiency improvement of existing power
plants. Total gas based power plants
6500MW Average efficiency of gas based power
plants 30 Efficiency of modern CCPP (Gas)
60 Possible output using same amount of gas
13000MW
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Fuel Diversification

Coal
Local Coal Imported Coal

Solar
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Road Map for Coal Power Development
K-D-P 6x1000 MW
Meghnaghat 2x660MW
Chittagong 4x660MW
Moheshkhali/Matarbari 4x660MW
Railway
Khulna 2x660MW
Total 14,000MW
Coal Center
Chittagong
Matarbari
Sonadia Island
Potential Coal PS Potential Coal Center
Ocean-going vessel Transship
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Solar Power

• Huge potential in solar
• Land constraint
• Rooftop Solar Panels
• Islands for Mega Solar

Bangladesh
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Regional Power Trade
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Hydro Power Potential Transmission corridor
Solar Power

• India needs corridor
• Nepal Bhutan has excess potential

Huge prospect in solar Main limitation Land
constraint Islands can be identified for
solar (2000MW)
60GW
80GW
30GW
Bangladesh
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Regional Power Exchange Possibilities
6.5GW
6x6.5GW
1GW
6.5GW
2GW
4-6GW
1GW
1GW
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Probable Power Generation Primary Fuel Sources
by 2030
Sl. No. Description Capacity (MW) Probable Location (s)
1 Domestic Coal 6,000 North West Region at Mine Mouth
2 Imported Coal 8,000 Chittagong and Khulna
3 Domestic Gas 13,000 Near Load Centers
4 Solar 2,000 Islands, Rooftop
5 Regional Grid 8,000-10,000 Barapukuria, Jamalpur, Dhaka, Bheramara
6 Others (Oil, Hydro) 15,00 Near Load Centers
Total Total 41,500
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Recommended Strategic Policy

• Ensuring Investment Friendly Environment
• Efficient use of gas Simple Cycle to Combined
  Cycle Conversion
• Coal Policy
• Deep Sea Port Coal Centre
• Locations Identification for Mega Solar
• Friendly Relation with Neighbors
• Participation on Hydro Power Development Projects
  (India, Nepal Bhutan)

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THANKS